BEIJING – As the week drew to a close, longstanding tensions between China and Japan showed no signs of easing, with economic and political strains persisting. On Friday, the Chinese ambassador in Tokyo dismissed Japan’s recent actions, while Japanese companies reported delays in shipments to China caused by the ongoing conflict.

This week highlighted China’s dissatisfaction with Japan, as it imposed new export restrictions, criticized what it perceived as Japan’s return to militarism, and strengthened ties with South Korea during a visit from its leader to Beijing.

On Friday, the Chinese Communist Party’s leading publication, the People’s Daily, continued its critiques.

“Japan’s resurgence of militarism will only lead it into a dark future,” the editorial warned. “History’s lessons are clear, yet Japan’s right-wing factions are repeating past mistakes.”

This was the latest in a series of sharp remarks from China following Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s statement in November, indicating she might not shy away from intervening if China were to use military force against Taiwan. China regards Taiwan as part of its territory and has expressed readiness to use force if necessary, demonstrated by significant military exercises near Taiwan last month.

China keeps its export controls

On Thursday night, the Chinese embassy in Japan said it had rejected a petition from Japan’s Foreign Ministry to retract the new export controls on “dual-use items” that the Japanese military might be able to use in weaponry. The ambassador, Wu Jianghao, insisted that China’s move was “entirely legitimate, reasonable and lawful” — and vital to national security.

Also Friday, Japanese officials said they are closely watching if Japanese exports of agricultural, fisheries and other goods are appropriately handled by China without delays. The Japanese news agency Kyodo reported that outgoing shipments of sake and processed food from Japan to China were being held up because of the diplomatic tensions, widening the ripples of the dispute.

Quoting trade industry sources, Kyodo said the shipments were delayed in customs on the China side. It said the sources believed the sake may have been targeted as “a symbol of Japan.”

Japan’s chief cabinet secretary, Minoru Kihara, said he was aware of reports that some of the Japanese exports to China have been held up. He wouldn’t comment on individual commercial transactions.

“It is important that agricultural, fisheries and other exports from Japan are smoothly carried out,” Kihara said. “We will closely watch the situation and take appropriate measures.” He didn’t say what those might be.

Some subtlety in the jabs

Japan and China have a fraught history haunted by the Japanese colonization of Taiwan in 1895. The nations have fought two wars, and the imperial government in Tokyo brutally occupied parts of China in the first half of the 20th century. The countries maintain diplomatic relations and work closely together on many fronts but occasionally use government apparatus to condemn each other when disputes arise.

China’s choice of wording in the People’s Daily editorial and other rhetoric was noteworthy. It avoided casting a broad brush on the Japanese people and specifically targeted the country’s right wing, which Takaichi belongs to. A report Thursday about Japan’s nuclear ambitions repeatedly mentioned the right wing, and the People’s Daily editorial beseeched the “peace-loving Japanese people” to be “highly vigilant” toward their government.

“Japan’s future lies not in the dangerous fantasies painted by the right wing, but in the thorough reckoning with its history of aggression,” People’s Daily said.

Rare earths as a pressure point

Kihara, the government spokesman, said Chinese export controls of rare earths already in place have caused “serious impact on global supply chains.” “We believe that international trade of rare earths should be carried out smoothly,” Kihara said.

Industry and Trade Minister Ryosei Akazawa did not confirm whether China’s dual-use goods ban included new action on rare earths. Azakawa said the impact on Japanese industries is already significant because about 70% of rare earths, used in a wide range of products such as electronic parts and autos, are imported from China.

“Rare earths are extremely important minerals, and the export controls have already affected our country tremendously,” Akazawa said. He wouldn’t comment on whether Japan would consider retaliating.

Lauding South Korea

China also pointedly expressed positive feelings about South Korea during the visit this week of its president, Lee Jae Myung, who met with Chinese leader Xi Jinping. After the signing of millions in new export contracts, Lee heralded “a new chapter in the development of Korea-China relations.”

As he visited, Chinese state media — which recently warned that travel to Japan by Chinese citizens might be dangerous — provided splashy coverage and said outgoing Chinese traveler to South Korea during New Year’s had surpassed those to Japan.

Relations between Beijing and Tokyo showed at least one tiny positive sign Friday. At a Foreign Ministry briefing in Beijing, spokesperson Mao Ning was informed that a one-time Japanese ambassador to China had died. She expressed the country’s condolences.

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Yamaguchi reported from Tokyo.