Here are some potential ways forward for Canada:

What happens if Trudeau resigns?

The challenge for the party is that these conventions usually take months to arrange and if an election does occur before then, the Liberals would be in the hands of a prime minister not chosen by members. This has never happened in Canada. The Liberals could try to run a shorter convention than usual, but this might prompt protests from candidates who felt this placed them at a disadvantage.

Can Trudeau be forced out by his Liberal party?

That said, if members of his own cabinet and a large number of legislators call for him to go, he may conclude his position is untenable.

Can Trudeau be forced out by parliament?

Assuming the government allocates the opposition days at the end of the session, the most likely time for Trudeau to be brought down would be in the last 10 days of March. This would trigger an election at some point in May.

Is there any other way Trudeau can be forced out?

Ultimate constitutional power in Canada lies with Governor General Mary Simon, who is the personal representative of King Charles, the head of state. She can in theory remove Trudeau, but in real life this would not happen. “The governor general won’t dismiss a prime minister who still holds the confidence of the Commons,” said Philippe Lagasse, a professor and constitutional expert at Ottawa’s Carleton University.

What else could Trudeau do to avoid being ousted?

Trudeau could prorogue parliament, which would formally end the current session and give him some breathing space. Under this scenario, the return of the House would be delayed by several weeks, allowing the government to unveil a new plan for how it plans to run the country. This would have the advantage of delaying any motion of no-confidence, but it could further anger Liberal legislators, especially if Trudeau were still prime minister.