Belgian filmmaker Johan Grimonprez’s latest documentary, Soundtrack to a Coup d’Etat, is now available on VOD platforms. The film challenges viewers to lean in, pay attention, and piece together the story of the 1960 Congo Crisis and the assassination of Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba. Grimonprez weaves together archival video and audio, interspersed with academic-style title cards citing quotes and sources, to create a fast-paced narrative that delves into the role of American jazz music in these historical events. The film’s structure mirrors a complex mid-century jazz suite, skittering through a political conspiracy filled with names, faces, and places, setting it apart from traditional historical documentaries.

The Gist: Nikita Khrushchev is quoted as saying, “When I hear jazz, it’s as if I have gas in the stomach.” There’s no accounting for taste, obviously. What does the Cold War-era Soviet prime minister have to do with this story? Well, it’s mid-20th-century history, so it’s complicated. We’ll start here: During the 1950s and ’60s, many African nations under colonial rule vied for independence by lobbying the United Nations, establishing democratic governments and asserting themselves against their (usually) White oppressors. The vile ideology of colonialism was dying, but not without resistance – the resources in many of these African countries were valuable. Congo was an especially tenuous spot because it housed a uranium mine, and superpowers like Russia and the U.S. needed it to fuel their “peacekeeping” operations, namely, oh, you know, atomic bombs. So it’s not like we’re talking about a stash of rare Pokemon cards here.

One of the ways the Eisenhower administration tried to win the loyalty of African peoples was by sending jazz greats like Etta James, Louis Armstrong and Dizzy Gillespie overseas to perform. The artists were happy to participate, as the trips could allow them to connect with their Black heritage and participate in acts of diplomacy. But the notion quickly soured because, well, politics, that’s why. Ugly politics. Ugly, deadly politics. Congo elected President Joseph Kasa-Vubu and Prime Minister Lumumba as its leaders, and the latter tackled the task of releasing the country from the ruling oversight of Belgium. The growing faction of independent African nations often banded together to win votes in the U.N., and were even pushing to create their own United States of Africa. That didn’t sit well with Eisenhower, who surely was even less thrilled when Khrushchev sided with Lumumba, probably more because of the uranium thing than because it was the right and moral thing to do.

Although Belgium agreed with the U.N.-voted mandate of Congolese independence, the Euro country quietly reneged on the deal and spurred a coup that eventually forced Lumumba from power. At the same time, Eisenhower and the CIA just as quietly conspired to assassinate Lumumba, concocting nasty little schemes with poisoned toothpaste and a “heart attack gun” that fired a dart of frozen poison that kills its target and leaves no trace. Meanwhile, the ’60s are really starting to become THE ’60S, you know, the decade of turmoil. Vile racism in the American South undermined the country’s ideology. The Cold War was intensifying, when Cuban leader Fidel Castro ventured to the U.N. to support Congo, where he met Khrushchev for the first time, which obviously didn’t help the situation one bit. Civil rights leaders like Malcolm X and Maya Angelou ramped up their movements. Also meanwhile, jazz artists began to feel leery about their international visits, wondering if the government was using them as a smokescreen for covert op seeking to take out political leaders. Their art became protest music – and they became protesters as well, crashing the U.N. with Angelou to speak out against Lumumba’s death.  

What Movies Will It Remind You Of?: Soundtrack is a melange of tones, styles and conspiracies bringing to mind ’60s-set historical dramas like Malcolm X and JFK, and docs When We Were Kings, Louis Armstrong’s Black and Blues and I Am Not Your Negro.

Performance Worth Watching: Dare you to take your eyes off Max Roach as he plays the drums. Not gonna happen. Doesn’t matter who you are.

Memorable Dialogue: An unidentified voice narrates: “America’s weapon was a blue note in a minor key.”

Sex and Skin: None.

Our Take: I parse my commentary with bits of humor for sanity’s sake – it feels necessary in the face of Grimonprez’s intensity, which never wavers over the course of Soundtrack to a Coup d’Etat’s girthy two-and-a-half hours. The director’s method is to mirror the stylistic variances within jazz, giving the film an improvisational feel to its construction, sometimes emulating the virtuoso melodicism of Abbey Lincoln or the avant-garde freakouts of John Coltrane (note, these descriptors sometimes can be swapped, such is the breadth of their musicianship, which we see and hear throughout). But as chaotic and hyper-edited as the movie can be, and dizzying in its paste-up collage of characters and settings and needle drops, Grimonprez maintains focus on a subtextual undercurrent of injustice and rage against shortsighted alpha-dog political superpowers and the ugly extremes of American capitalism.

In a less ambitious filmmaker’s hands, this twisty, intrigue-riddled saga would feel like an endless rabbit hole – and likely wouldn’t be nearly as effective. It’s rollicking and energetic, and will sweep you up and keep you in its grip even when it begins to feel like too much packed into too small a space. That’s an intentional choice, mind you. I believe Grimonprez’s intent is to make us feel overwhelmed, surely like the most aware minds were in the ’60s. He cuts some of the intensity with comical bits addressing Khrushchev’s clownish shoe-pounding incident at the U.N., and Gillespie’s half-serious run for President (Miles Davis would’ve been the CIA director!), but for the most part this documentary is like Roach sweating profusely over his kit – I’m not sure I always comprehended every fill and flourish amidst the density of the performance, but I absolutely felt the intensity of its kaleidoscopic emotion.

Our Call: Soundtrack to a Coup d’Etat asks a lot of us, but it’s absolutely rewarding, a history lesson told like no other. STREAM IT.

John Serba is a freelance writer and film critic based in Grand Rapids, Michigan.