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It’s not a matter of if, it’s a matter of when somebody is going to get killed or seriously hurt.
Sally*, former haul truck driver, Carmichael coal mine
He felt his career prospects were bright.

Jessu Cleland believed his career prospects were bright when he first started working at the mine. Source: SBS News / Chris Phillips
But five years later, Cleland’s optimism is long gone.
They have told SBS News they are doing so as a last resort, having lost faith in management, and in the hope that bringing public attention to what’s going on inside the mine might help prevent what they see as an otherwise inevitable workplace fatality.
It’s only a matter of time. It’ll happen. I just hope it’s not one of my mates.
Matt*, grader operator
SBS News has tried to independently verify the claims made by the workers in this story and sought comments from Bravus and the company it contracts to operate the Carmichael mine site, the MacKellar Group, as well as the Resources Safety and Health Queensland (RSHQ) — the state’s independent mining work, health and safety regulator.
Bravus denies allegations
“We take workplace health and safety extremely seriously, maintain high standards, and comply with all state and federal legislation. We actively encourage people employed at Carmichael to come forward either in person or anonymously and use any of the multiple channels available to them to raise concerns or provide feedback, and these are resolved as they arise.”

Five years later, Jessu Cleland says his optimism about working at Carmichael has disappeared. Source: SBS News / Chris Phillips
Brunker from MEU has rejected the statement, saying the company has neglected its “responsibility to provide a safe place of work, descent travel and living standards”.
Only three former Carmichael workers — Jessu Cleland, Michael Miller and Trent Batley — have agreed to their names being published. All other current and former employees requested anonymity, citing concerns about being blacklisted within the relatively insular Queensland coal industry. SBS News has changed the names of those workers.
‘Push, push, push’
Production demands at Carmichael escalated rapidly.

Coal prices peaked in September 2022, according to data from the World Bank Commodity Price index. Source: SBS News
According to , Carmichael “witnessed a whopping increase of 47 per cent in production”, producing 11.2 million tonnes of coal over fiscal year 2024.

But workers have told SBS News that these targets put a dangerous strain on day-to-day operations. They allege the mine has been expanding too quickly and without the infrastructure, operating practices or staffing required to meet Adani’s production demands safely.

Carmichael coal mine is owned by Bravus Mining & Resources and operated by the MacKellar Group. Source: SBS News
SBS News contacted MacKellar Group for comment on the numerous concerns raised by workers in this story but the mine operator declined to respond to specific questions.
“We are dedicated to identifying, understanding, and managing workplace hazards and environmental impacts effectively.”
Our ongoing goal is to achieve safety excellence in all our operations and ensure the well-being of our teams and communities we serve.
Barry Palmer, regional president, MacKellar Group
“It starts at the top: management is pushing the superintendents, the superintendents are pushing the supervisors, the supervisors are pushing the workers.”
‘A disaster zone’

Carmichael workers have told SBS News that MacKellar Group’s efforts to meet Adani’s escalating production targets have resulted in corners being cut across the worksite. Source: Supplied
Some workers have described the scene in Carmichael’s mine pit as “chaotic,” with too many diggers, trucks, and dozers operating in a confined space.
“It took a full day to work out what to do to get the machine upright and safely out.”

A MacKellar light vehicle backs over a bund on 10 September 2024. Source: Supplied
Truck slides — where a driver loses control of a vehicle — are also reportedly happening at concerning rates, particularly on the pit ramps. When fully loaded, such trucks can weigh up to 600 tonnes.
“We’re still driving light vehicles on haul roads — I haven’t seen that in nearly 10 years. [In] most places, there are light vehicle roads on the side of the haul roads to keep the interaction away from each other.”
You can’t have heavy machinery and light vehicles mixing with each other, it’s a disaster zone.
Blake*, wash plant worker

Some workers have expressed concern that ‘metal-on-metal incidents’ have become far too common at the Carmichael mine. Source: Supplied / Jessu Cleland
Accidents, injuries and collisions
“The bumps out there ain’t small; you could lose a light vehicle in them,” Matt said.
I will not go down the pit. [If] I get put down in the pit, I’m on the next flight out; I’m not staying. I get anxiety just going near that pit.
Jen*, haul truck operator
“Imagine putting a heavy truck on a trampoline and that’s what it’s like — very, very rough,” Nick said.

Truck operators say they often get thrown around while trying to navigate the terrain. Source: Supplied
Former haul truck driver Michael Miller, who left Carmichael in December, describes the effect driving on rough roads has had on his body.
SBS News sought to verify workers’ claims about the rates of injury with MacKellar, but the mining operator did not address specific enquiries.

Former safety adviser Trent Batley, who worked at the mine for 10 months, attests to the reportedly high injury rate. Source: Supplied / Jessu Cleland
SBS News also sought to verify the number of incidents reported at Carmichael via a Right to Information request lodged with RSHQ, the state body responsible for mine safety oversight.
“We strongly encourage workers to come forward to our RSHQ inspectors and make a confidential complaint. We investigate all complaints that are made to us.”
Dust clouds

Multi-skilled operator Rowan* said dust levels are much higher at Carmichael than those of other mines he’s worked at. Source: Supplied
On windy, dry days, the air at the mine site can become thick with mine dust, making it hard for truck operators to see what’s going on around them.
On one such occasion in June 2023, Cleland decided the dust levels were too dangerous for him to keep driving his haul truck, but said his supervisors forced him to continue despite the risks.

Jessu Cleland recalls he once stopped his haul truck because the dust levels were too high for him to keep driving, but said his supervisors forced him to continue despite the risks. Source: SBS News / Chris Phillips
“I went and parked up because there [were] no water trucks on site for dust suppression — you couldn’t see,” Cleland recalls.
“So I said, ‘I’ll go back out there and operate the truck under duress, and I’ll note all this,’ and he said, ‘Yeah, you go ahead and do that’.”

Jessu Cleland shows a photo of the dust-filled mechanic’s workshop at Carmichael. Source: SBS News / Chris Phillips
Dust is another problem identified by workers, particularly those stationed in the mine’s open-air mechanical workshop and fuel bays, who’ve told SBS News they haven’t been provided with protective dust masks.
“One of the biggest killers of coal miners at the moment is a black lung disease, and we’re copping it [dust] day in, day out because they cannot control the dust,” Matt said.
In case of emergency
“We have a zero-fatality record and that is not something we will ever take for granted because making sure our people go home safely to their families is our number one priority.”

Plume from a mine blast at Carmichael mine, dated 6 October 2022. The orange blast fumes are highly toxic. Source: Supplied
When accidents do occur, workers say the emergency response at Carmichael is often delayed and inadequate.
Michael Miller agrees: “They should be closer … that could be the difference between life and death.”
In a statement released earlier this month, Bravus said it was “disappointed” with the council’s decision to pursue a civil dispute in the Supreme Court, noting: “We cannot legally work on the Mine Access Road without permits from council, which have been withheld.”
“It took me two days to get to a hospital and on the operating table. By that stage, they couldn’t operate because I was septic — I had septicemia,” she said.
If you have something bad out there, don’t expect to get to a hospital anytime soon … be prepared to die out there.
Leslie*, former production technician
New to industry
“Our crew has changed five times over. There’s about 40 or 50 people on our crew, and it’s changed over completely,” Nick said.
In addition to frustrations over the reliability of flights to and from the mine, the working conditions have led many to resign. Source: SBS News / Kim Paul Nguyen
To fill the gaps, MacKellar is relying more and more on ‘new to industry’ people (NTIs). But this raises risk levels too, as new recruits often need hundreds of hours of training to learn how to safely operate vehicles and machinery.
“You’re driving a house, literally. They’re running over bunds, could be anything under there.”

At Carmichael, workers say the pressure to meet production targets has reportedly resulted in reduced training time for new recruits. Source: SBS News / Kim Paul Nguyen
Rowan said: “We would have a lot more NTIs than any other mine site, for sure. There’d have to be at least 30 per cent.”
“The fact was there was push from production to get ‘bums on seats’. If there were trucks parked up [empty], they [management] wanted people ‘passed out’ [their training signed off] as quick as possible.”

Piles of ‘overburden’ at Carmichael Coal Mine. Source: Supplied
Multi-skilled operator Rowan, who also worked as a trainer, attests to receiving similar pressure from management to “pass out” NTIs — meaning to approve them for operational work.
“They just wanted them passed out. I pretty much said I don’t want to be a part of it because someone is going to get killed.”
Allegations of under-reporting
The Coal Mining Safety and Health Act 1999 mandates mine operators, such as MacKellar, must immediately report incidents that have the potential to cause serious harm or death, known as ‘high potential incidents’ (HPI), to RSHQ and an industry safety and health representative (ISHR) employed by MEU.

A table graphic listing the types of high potential incidents and serious accidents that are mandatory to report in Queensland. Source: SBS News
But the ISHR responsible for Carmichael, Jason Hill, has told SBS News he’s received complaints from workers that MacKellar has been both under-reporting incidents and putting pressure on Carmichael workers not to report themselves.
“That is why our reporting systems and policies on publishing incident information are aimed at encouraging honest and fulsome reporting, rather than naming and shaming mines for reporting.”

A table graphic listing the mandatory reporting requirements for high-potential incidents and serious accidents in Queensland. Source: SBS News
Jen*, a haul truck operator, said she has witnessed underreporting firsthand.
“Everyone wrote it in the pre-starts [meetings at the start of a shift]. It was always questioned, but they would never fix it. As long as the truck was out there still moving dirt or coal, they would not fix it.”
That’s the footage that I took and sent to [the MEU] and so they terminated me for sending it to a third party.
Jessu Cleland, former worker

SBS News has sighted Jessu Cleland’s termination letter. Source: SBS News / Chris Phillips
‘Something bad happening’
Shane Brunker, the MEU representative responsible for Carmichael, says the union is well aware of the breadth of serious worker concerns and has tried to engage with both Bravus and MacKellar to address them, but with little to no success. Since 2019, Bravus has only met with the union once and is refusing to engage with them.
“[Workers] are feeling like they have been let down, which leads to more psychosocial issues,” Shane Brunker (pictured), district vice president at Mining & Energy Union (MEU), said. Source: SBS News / Kim Paul Nguyen
In response to SBS News’ request for comment on specific allegations put forward by workers, a spokesperson for Bravus said: “It is telling that union leadership has chosen to air these false and misleading claims in the media to try to manufacture outrage instead of raising them with the relevant authorities.”
*names have been changed.