Today, a powerful earthquake has struck Thailand and Myanmar, causing widespread devastation and a high number of casualties. It has left buildings in ruins and raised concerns about the possibility of further damage, including the potential collapse of dams which could result in severe flooding.

The US Geological Survey has estimated a grim outlook, predicting a death toll ranging from 10,000 to 100,000 shortly after the 7.7 magnitude quake hit close to Mandalay, the second largest city in Myanmar.

As millions reeled from the shock, a second earthquake with a magnitude of 6.4 shook the area 12 minutes later, the USGS and Germany’s GFZ said.

Authorities at a prominent hospital in Naypyidaw, the country’s capital, have designated the situation as a ‘mass casualty area’, anticipating a surge in fatalities as a result of collapsed structures and widespread debris.

Professor Ian Main, Personal Chair in Seismology and Rock Physics, School of GeoSciences, at the University of Edinburgh said in the immediate aftermath that the damage is likely to be ‘very severe’ near the epicentre.

The force caused a mosque in Mandalay to collapse, with at least ten worshippers reported to have been killed. 

Shocking footage showed workers fleeing in neighbouring Thailand as a high-rise building under construction collapsed around them.

At least three people were killed as the skyscraper toppled. Local authorities said that dozens of workers have been rescued from the site, though 90 are still missing. 

In Thailand, alarms went off in buildings as the earthquake hit around 1.30pm local time.

Startled residents were evacuated down staircases of high-rise buildings and hotels in densely populated central Bangkok.

They remained in the streets, seeking shade from the midday sun in the minutes after the quake.

The earthquake was forceful enough to send water sloshing out of pools, some high above the street in high-rises, as the tremor shook.

Witnesses in Bangkok said people ran out onto the streets in panic, many of them hotel guests in bathrobes and swimming costumes as water cascaded down from an elevated pool at a luxury hotel. 

‘All of a sudden the whole building began to move, immediately there was screaming and a lot of panic,’ said Fraser Morton, a tourist from Scotland, who was in one of Bangkok’s many malls shopping for camera equipment.

‘I just started walking calmly at first but then the building started really moving, yeah, a lot of screaming, a lot of panic, people running the wrong way down the escalators, lots of banging and crashing inside the mall.’

Like thousands of others in downtown Bangkok, Morton sought refuge in Benjasiri Park – away from the tall buildings all around.

‘I got outside and then looked up at the building and the whole building was moving, dust and debris, it was pretty intense,’ he said. ‘Lots of chaos.’

The earthquake hit Myanmar as it contests with a four-year civil war.

At a 1,000-bed general hospital in the country’s capital, rows of wounded were treated outside the emergency department, some writhing in pain, others lying still as relatives sought to comfort them.

In Mandalay, the country’s second-largest city and close to the epicenter, the earthquake damaged part of the former royal palace and buildings, according to videos and photos released on Facebook social media.

While the area is prone to earthquakes, it is generally sparsely populated, and most houses are low-rise structures.

In the Sagaing region just southwest of Mandalay, a 90-year-old bridge collapsed, and some sections of the highway connecting Mandalay and Myanmar’s largest city, Yangon, were also damaged.

In Naypyitaw, the quake damaged religious shrines, sending parts toppling to the ground, and some homes. 

The quake damaged buildings in Bangkok and forced the suspension of some metro and light rail services in the city.

Thai Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra said on Friday she had interrupted an official visit to the southern island of Phuket to hold an ‘urgent meeting’ after the quake, according to a post on X.

Tremors were also felt in China’s southwest Yunnan province, according to Beijing’s quake agency, which said the jolt measured 7.9 in magnitude.

Earthquakes are relatively common in Myanmar, where six strong quakes of 7.0 magnitude or more struck between 1930 and 1956 near the Sagaing Fault, which runs north to south through the centre of the country, according to the USGS.

A powerful 6.8-magnitude earthquake in the ancient capital Bagan in central Myanmar killed three people in 2016, also toppling spires and crumbling temple walls at the tourist destination.

The breakneck pace of development in Myanmar’s cities, combined with crumbling infrastructure and poor urban planning, has also made the country’s most populous areas vulnerable to earthquakes and other disasters, experts say.

The impoverished Southeast Asian nation has a strained medical system, especially in its rural states.