For over a century, in Charleroi, Pennsylvania, the factory air whistle marked the beginning of the workday at the plant on 8th and McKean Avenue. This daily sound symbolized employment opportunities, sustenance for families, a sturdy social structure, bustling churches, and financial support for schools and community development.

It was a good sound. 

It meant stability and aspiration.

No one around here ever seemed to mind it. 

Last week, the sound of that whistle was different. 

It was longer, 132 seconds to be exact, a number meant to mark how many years the Pyrex glass plant had stood at this location.

It marked the end of the line for the plant. 

The sound was mournful as it echoed throughout the Mon Valley. 

Era of thriving workers 

Three hundred men and women are now without jobs in a town of 4,200.

Last September, the company, now known as the Corelle Brands, announced it would close the plant that had been one of the great innovators at its inception when two Pittsburgh glass-making firms, the Thomas Evans & Company and the George Macbeth Company merged to form the Macbeth-Evans Glass Company in 1899. 

One year later, the local newspaper boasted about the expansion of manufacturing in Western Pennsylvania. 

Along a 16-mile strip, factories employed more than 8,000 people who made good wages at the turn of the century in what was once sleepy farmland. 

Hundreds of houses of all kinds were being built almost overnight on rolling hills that overlooked the plants, employing real estate developers and construction workers and causing a boom in mom-and-pop grocery stores, gas stations, barber shops, schools and churches. 

By 1936, Macbeth-Evans was bought out by Corning Glass Works, then the largest maker of technical glassware.

At the time of the merger, the plant employed 1,800 people. 

The news was so big it made the front page of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette above the fold on Nov. 11, 1936. 

Today all of those mills are long gone. 

Pittsburgh Plate Glass, which became known as PPG — a place that employed my father for 50 years, where he designed the furnaces that made glass — no longer makes glass. 

They sold that division to Nippon Electric Glass in 2017, marking the end of PPG’s long history in glass production, which began in 1883. 

Meanwhile, Anchor Hocking Glassware took over the Charleroi plant in March 2024 and announced they would close it and move operations to their plant in Lancaster, Ohio — it too was a company founded at the turn of the century by Isaac Jacob in Lancaster. 

Anchor Hocking has gone through a series of acquisitions, venture capital ownerships and bankruptcies.

Today, it is owned by Monomoy Capital Partners, a private equity firm located in Midtown Manhattan. 

We have talked a lot about tariffs and manufacturing since President Trump was re-elected in 2024 and the outsized role of China in our industries, and the Corning Glass Works Macbeth-Evans Division is certainly such an example. 

In fact, our uneven trade has played a significant role in the glass manufacturing collapse in this country. 

US industry hit hard 

Up until the 1990s, the United States held its own in glass manufacturing.

However, China’s aggressive export strategy, which flooded the US market with thousands of goods, hit the glass industry hard. 

In June last year, the Alliance for American Manufacturing released an analysis detailing the threat Chinese imports posed to US manufacturers.

In a briefing by the Economic Policy Institute, the glass industry appeared well aware of the dangers of Chinese imports. 

They noted that the US glass industry lost almost 40,000 manufacturing jobs between 2000 to 2008.

At the same time, China’s share of the US market rose from 3% to 31%. 

As US glass and glassware plants closed, Chinese manufacturers expanded. 

China now leads glass production globally, exporting 28.7% of the world’s glass and glassware compared to the United States’ 6.6%. 

That is a hard pill to swallow if you are from Charleroi, once known as the “Glass City,” where PPG had one of its major glass factories. 

The people here are a casualty not just of streamlining production, but also of China’s dominance in the market. 

“Everything coming from China flooding our market is a big part of the problem. It is a disease,” said state Sen. Camera Bartolotta, who represents the borough. 

The echo of the whistle lingers. The tears of the workers on their last shift remain unchecked.

Everything has changed.

Those who believe Americans do not want jobs in manufacturing, who do not think there is pride in what they do, should sit a spell with the people who worked here.