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Wildfires caused by arsonists or thunderstorms and fanned by a heatwave and strong winds have wreaked destruction across southern Europe, burning homes and forcing thousands of residents and tourists to flee.
Fire has affected nearly 440,000 hectares on the continent so far in 2025, double the average for the same period of the year since 2006, according to the European Union Science Hub’s Joint Research Centre.
Flames and dark smoke billowed over a cement factory that was set alight by a wildfire that swept through olive groves and forests and disrupted rail traffic on the outskirts of the Greek city of Patras, west of Athens.
“What does it look like? It looks like doomsday. May God help us and help the people here,” said Giorgos Karvanis, a volunteer who had come from Athens to Patras to help.
Authorities ordered residents of a town of about 7,700 people near Patras to leave on Tuesday and issued new alerts on Wednesday, advising residents of two nearby villages to relocate.
Greece battles to contain more than 20 wildfires, including one menacing its third-largest city, Patras. Source: AFP / Aris Messinis
On the Greek islands of Chios, in the east, and Cephalonia, in the west, both popular with tourists, authorities told people to move to safety as fires spread.
In Spain, a volunteer firefighter died from severe burns and several people were hospitalised as the state weather agency AEMET warned almost all of the country was at extreme or very high risk of fire.
The 35-year-old man had been attempting to create firebreaks near the town of Nogarejas, in the central Castile and Leon region, when he was trapped in the blaze, regional officials said.
He was the sixth person to die this year in wildfires in Spain.
Others include two firefighters in Tarragona and Avila, according to emergency services.
Working in unprepared landscapes puts firefighters’ lives at risk, said Alexander Held, a senior expert in fire management at the European Forest Institute, adding authorities should prepare by creating buffer zones and clearing combustible vegetation.
“Take an industrial building and imagine there would be no fire detectors, no sprinkler systems, no fire protection doors and no escape routes — firefighters would just refuse to go in, but in our landscape we expect them to do this,” Held said.
Investing 1 billion euros ($1.8 billion) a year in forest management could save 9.9 million hectares — an area the size of Portugal — and 99 billion euros ($177 billion) spent on fighting fires and restoration work afterwards, according to global environmental organisation, Greenpeace.
Spanish environment minister Sara Aagesen told the SER radio station many fires across the country were thought to be the work of arsonists due to their “virulence”.
A male firefighter was arrested for fires started in the Avila area north of Madrid two weeks ago, while police said they were investigating a 63-year-old woman for allegedly starting fires in Galicia’s Muxia area.
Police have also identified a suspect who is believed to have suffered burns to his hands after starting a small fire in a beachfront development in the southern coastal Cadiz area, Europa Press reported.
Thunderstorms have caused other fires.
On Tuesday, Andalusia’s fire department was flooded with calls by residents reporting a fire caused by a lightning strike on a chestnut and oak forest in Los Romeros, north of the city of Huelva.
The fire prompted the relocation of about 250 residents, but was largely controlled by Wednesday morning.
A blaze in Trancoso in Portugal that has been burning since Saturday worsened during the night as a lightning strike reignited an area that was thought safe, the civil protection service said.
In Albania, defence minister Pirro Vengu said it was a “critical week”, with several major wildfires burning across the country.
About 10,000 firefighters, soldiers and police emergency units struggled with a total of 24 wildfires on Wednesday, the defence ministry said.
