The border has been relatively quiet in terms of gunfire, yet accusations of ceasefire breaches have persisted between the two nations. An updated agreement aims to address and prevent these issues.

Despite efforts, a definitive peace treaty remains elusive between these Southeast Asian neighbors, according to experts.

Both countries have pledged to work together on clearing landmines, which recently sparked conflict after a Thai soldier was injured during a patrol. Thailand has blamed Cambodia for planting new mines, a claim Cambodia denies, despite being one of the most heavily mined nations globally.

East Timor, once under Portuguese rule for over 400 years, was invaded by Indonesia in 1975.

East Timor’s Prime Minister, Xanana Gusmao, received a warm welcome into the ASEAN community during a visit to Malaysia. Source: AP / Vincent Thian

East Timor was a Portuguese colony for over four centuries before Indonesia’s 1975 invasion.

East Timor’s Prime Minister Xanana Gusmao (left) was welcomed into the ASEAN group in Malaysia. Source: AP / Vincent Thian

ASEAN membership gives East Timor access to the bloc’s free trade deals, investment opportunities and a broader regional market — vital for diversifying an economy long reliant on oil and gas.