Share and Follow
Australia has some of the richest deposits of mineral sands and rare earth minerals in the world, and the US wants access to them, hoping to counter China’s dominance of the industry.

The term “rare earths” might suggest scarcity, but these elements are more abundant than their name implies.

Rare earth elements are crucial components in a wide array of modern technologies, including consumer electronics, military equipment, electric vehicles, medical devices, and robotics.

Rare earths are a group of 17 elements in the periodic table, most of them known as lanthanides.

The extraction and processing of these elements, however, come with significant costs, labor demands, and environmental concerns.

They’re crucial too for the green energy transition. Solar and wind energy and electric vehicles all depend on rare earth elements.
Dr Vlado Vivoda from the Sustainable Minerals Institute at the University of Queensland told SBS News earlier in the year that despite the name, they’re not actually scarce.
“So a lot of them are not actually rare, but they’re hard to mine and even harder to separate and process safely. So that’s what makes them geopolitically important.”
Rare earths are tightly bound together with other elements in nature, so separating them is a complex process often involving at least 50 stages.

Source: SBS News

A graph depicting the projected top three producers of rare earth elements

Source: SBS News

Most countries have left the work to China, which Vivoda says emerged as a key player in the 1990s.

“China appeared as the ideal candidate to take in some of that industry, to do it at home with a bit more lax environmental regulations. And it was the cheapest place to do all this. Plus China had some of the largest reserves as well of rare earths.”
China now controls the majority of the rare earths supply chain, accounting for around 70 per cent of mining and 90 per cent of processing, according to the International Energy Agency.
That lion’s share is unlikely to change; however, over the next five years, Australia is on track to become the second-biggest producer of rare earth elements.
Earlier this year, China threatened to halt exports of rare earth minerals to the United States, amid an ongoing tariff row, after which Trump funded billions of dollars of incentives for investors in the minerals, as part of his ‘big, beautiful bill’.

In April, Albanese announced an initial investment of $1.2 billion to set up a strategic reserve of critical minerals, including rare earths, which he described as key to Australia’s national security “in a time of global uncertainty”.

A child walking alongside a digger wearing a shirt that reads 'FARMS NOT MINES'

Farmers gathered this month to protest against a pipeline to enable the Donald Mineral Sands project, south-east of Minyip in Victoria. Source: Supplied

The government has also agreed to loan over $2.6 billion to two firms to establish separate refineries — Arafura Rare Earths mine in the Northern Territory and Iluka Resources in Western Australia.

But Australia’s push to become a bigger player in the global race for rare earth minerals relies on digging up prime agricultural land, which has led to pushback from some farmers.
Share and Follow
You May Also Like

First Group of NZYQ Deportees Successfully Arrive in Nauru, Confirms Burke

Nauru has accepted the first cohort of deportees from Australia, including members…
Opposition leader Sussan Ley during Question Time at Parliament House in Canberra on Tuesday 28 October 2025.

Sussan Ley Seeks Apology from Anthony Albanese Over Joy Division T-Shirt Controversy

Opposition Leader Sussan Ley has delivered a remarkable address, urging the Prime…

National Student Vote Targets Controversial University Ties with Israeli and Weapons Firms

The lawns that surround the University of Sydney’s Main Quadrangle have often…
Brisbane wakes to rain, plummeting temperatures as storm clean-up continues

Brisbane Awakes to Rain and Dropping Temperatures Amid Ongoing Storm Recovery Efforts

More than 5000 people are still without power in Brisbane and two…
Evacuations ordered as worst-ever storm barrels towards Jamaica

Evacuations Mandated as Unprecedented Storm Approaches Jamaica

Hurricane Melissa has intensified into a formidable Category 5 storm as it…

Chinese Premier Li Qiang Engages in Diplomatic Talks with Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese says he spoke to the Chinese Premier about…
Pauline Hanson changes party name as polling support surges

Pauline Hanson’s Party Rebrands Amid Rising Popularity in Polls

Pauline Hanson’s One Nation party is changing its name, the eponymous leader…
Queensland premier slams 'flawed' new Bureau of Meteorology website

Queensland Premier Criticizes New Bureau of Meteorology Website as ‘Flawed

The Bureau of Meteorology is facing backlash over a $4 million upgrade…