The move deepened the country’s political crisis and left President Emmanuel Macron with few options.

The presidency said that Macron, who has been hitting record lows in opinion polls, accepted the resignation.

Lecornu had replaced his predecessor, François Bayrou, on September 9 to become France’s fourth prime minister in barely a year during a prolonged period of political instability.

Lecornu is now the shortest-serving prime minister in the history of the Fifth Republic, which started in 1958.

French politics have been in disarray since Macron called an early legislative election last year that produced a deeply fragmented National Assembly.

Far-right and left-wing lawmakers hold more than 320 seats in the lower house, while the centrists and allied conservatives hold 210, with no party having an overall majority.

Despite more than three weeks of efforts to secure enough support to avoid a no-confidence vote, Lecornu was forced out just hours after forming his Cabinet on Sunday, having lost the support of conservatives who hold 50 seats and who objected to his choice for defence minister.

Lecornu’s government will manage day-to-day affairs until a new prime minister and Cabinet are appointed.

It’s now up to Macron either to name a new head of government or to dissolve the National Assembly and call an early legislative election.

Macron’s office announced Monday evening that he has asked Lecornu to hold more “final negotiations” over the next two days in the interest of national stability – suggesting a potential second chance for Lecornu to stay and attempt to form a new government.

The brief statement gave no additional details.

Lecornu, a faithful ally of Macron, responded that he agreed to hold final talks with political forces “for the country’s stability” and that he would tell him on Wednesday evening “if it’s possible or not, so that he can draw all the necessary conclusions.”

Lecornu previously said that conditions were no longer met to remain in office after failing to build a consensus.

He said that he believed the new government could have succeeded with just a little more work and if the coalition partners had only been a bit more “selfless,” in an apparent jab at Bruno Retailleau, the head of the conservatives.

“One must always put one’s country before one’s party,” Lecornu said.

With less than two years before the next presidential election, Macron’s opponents immediately tried to capitalise on the shocking resignation, with the far-right National Rally calling on him to either call for another early parliamentary election or resign.

“This raises a question for the President of the Republic: can he continue to resist the legislature dissolution? We have reached the end of the road,” far-right leader Marine Le Pen said.

“There is no other solution. The only wise course of action in these circumstances is to return to the polls.”

On the far left, France Unbowed also asked for Macron’s departure, while voices on the left called for the revival of a coalition made up of leftists, socialists, greens and communists.

The resignation rattled investors, sending the CAC-40 index of leading French companies plunging.

The index fell by nearly 2 per cent in the wake of the resignation before later making up some of the losses.

Ministers appointed just the previous night found themselves in the bizarre situation of becoming caretaker ministers – kept in place only to manage day-to-day affairs until a new government is formed – before some of them had even been formally installed in office.

Agnès Pannier-Runacher, the newly reappointed minister for ecology, posted on X: “I despair of this circus.”

Lecornu’s method didn’t work

Lecornu’s choice of ministers has been criticised across the political spectrum, particularly his decision to bring back former Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire to serve at the defence ministry, with critics saying that France’s public deficit soared under his watch.

Lecornu’s main task would have been to pass a budget, as France is faced with a debt crisis.

At the end of the first quarter of 2025, France’s public debt stood at €3.346 trillion ($5.92 trillion), or 114 per cent of gross domestic product.

Debt servicing remains a major budget item, accounting for around 7 per cent of state spending.

Other key positions remained largely unchanged from the previous Cabinet, with Retailleau staying on as interior minister in charge of policing and internal security, Jean-Noël Barrot remaining as foreign minister and Gérald Darmanin keeping the justice ministry.

Retailleau, the head of the conservative Republicans party, said that he didn’t feel responsible for Lecornu’s fall, despite lashing out at the composition of the new government.

Retailleau blamed Lecornu for not letting him know Le Maire would be part of the government.

“It’s a matter of trust,” he told broadcaster TF1. “You promise a break and end up with returning horses. This government embodied all the conditions to be censured.”

Le Maire said that he offered Macron his immediate withdrawal from the government, a proposal that the president accepted.

“I hope this decision will allow talks to resume to form the new government France needs,” he said.

Seeking consensus at the National Assembly, Lecornu consulted with all political forces and trade unions before forming his Cabinet.

He also vowed that he wouldn’t employ a special constitutional power that his predecessors had used to force budgets through parliament without a vote and would instead seek compromise with lawmakers from the left and the right.