The military investigation publicised yesterday found that the deputy battalion commander, “due to poor night visibility”, assessed that the ambulances belonged to Hamas militants.

Video footage obtained shows the ambulances had lights flashing and logos visible as they pulled up to help another ambulance that came under fire earlier.

The teams do not appear to be acting unusually or in a threatening manner as three medics emerge and head toward it.

Their vehicles immediately come under a barrage of gunfire that goes on for more than five minutes with brief pauses.

Bodies were buried in a mass grave

Eight Red Crescent personnel, six Civil Defense workers and a UN staffer were killed in the shooting before dawn on March 23 by troops conducting operations in Tel al-Sultan, a district of the southern Gaza city of Rafah.

Troops bulldozed over the bodies along with their mangled vehicles, burying them in a mass grave. UN and rescue workers were only able to reach the site a week later.

The head of the Palestinian Red Crescent Society has said the men were “targeted at close range”. The Israeli military investigation said the examination found “no evidence to support claims of execution or that any of the deceased were bound before or after the shooting”.

It said the Palestinians were killed due to an “operational misunderstanding” by Israeli forces, and that a separate incident 15 minutes later, when Israeli soldiers shot at a Palestinian UN vehicle, was a breach of orders.

The deputy commander who will be dismissed was the first to open fire and the rest of the soldiers also started shooting, the investigation said. It said the soldiers were 20 to 30 meters (65-100 feet) from the road when the ambulances pulled up.

The findings asserted that six of those killed were Hamas militants — it did not give their names — and said some of the others were originally misidentified as Hamas. Israel’s military initially said nine were militants. The Civil Defense is part of the Hamas-run government.

No paramedic was armed and no weapons were found in any vehicle, Maj. Gen Yoav Har-Even, in charge of the military’s investigative branch, told journalists.

Israel accuses Hamas of hiding fighters in ambulances

The investigation found that the decision to crush the ambulances was wrong but said there was no attempt to conceal the event. Har-Even said the bodies and vehicles were removed from the road because the military wanted to use it for an evacuation route later that day.

He said the military notified international organisations about the shooting that day and helped them locate the bodies.

Har-Even said the deputy commander was fired for giving a not “completely accurate” report to investigators about the later incident in which troops fired on a UN vehicle. One person was killed.

The statement on the findings concluded by saying that Israel’s military “regrets the harm caused to uninvolved civilians”. The sole survivor was detained for investigation and remains in custody for further questioning.

There was no immediate public reaction to the findings from the Red Crescent, Civil Defence or UN.

The findings have been turned over the Military Advocate General, which can decide whether to file charges. It is meant to be an independent body, with oversight by Israel’s attorney general and Supreme Court.

There are no outside investigations of the killings under way.

Israeli strikes have killed more than 150 emergency responders from the Red Crescent and Civil Defence, most of them while on duty, as well as more than 1000 health workers during the war, according to the UN. The Israeli military rarely investigates such incidents.

Israel has accused Hamas of moving and hiding its fighters inside ambulances and emergency vehicles, as well as in hospitals and other civilian infrastructure, arguing that justifies strikes on them. Medical personnel largely deny the accusations.

Israel disputes ICC accusations of war crimes

Palestinians and international human rights groups have repeatedly accused Israel’s military of failing to properly investigate or whitewashing misconduct by its troops.

Har-Even said the Israeli military is currently investigating 421 incidents in Gaza during the war, with 51 concluded and sent to the Military Advocate General. There was no immediate information on the number of investigations involving potential wrongful deaths or how many times the MAG has pursued criminal charges.

Israel’s offensive has since killed over 51,000 Palestinians, mostly women and children, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry, which does not distinguish between civilians and combatants.

The war has destroyed vast parts of Gaza and most of its food production capabilities. About 90 per cent of the population is displaced, with hundreds of thousands of people living in tent camps and bombed-out buildings.

Frustration has been growing on both sides, with rare public protests against Hamas in Gaza and continued weekly rallies in Israel pressing the government to reach a deal to bring all hostages home.