Australia may be facing its second case of bird flu in seals, just a day after confirming the virus in the country’s first mammalian host.
On Monday, authorities in South Australia reported five potential cases of the H5 bird flu strain, one of which involves a long-nosed fur seal located at The Pages Conservation Park, as disclosed by the Department of Primary Industries and Regions.
The Pages Conservation Park, nestled on two small islands between Kangaroo Island and mainland Australia, is a vital refuge for the endangered Australian sea lion population.
Currently, tests are being conducted on this fur seal to confirm bird flu, with outcomes anticipated shortly.
The initial verified case in a mammal was identified on Sunday, when a long-nosed fur seal in Beachport, located 300 kilometers south of Adelaide, was confirmed to have contracted the virus likely from contact with wild birds.
Before the new case was announced, Environment Minister Murray Watt said the spread from birds to mammals was inevitable and the government was examining whether further vaccination programs were needed.
“We are likely to see mass mortalities of birds and mammals, and I know that is a very distressing thing for Australians to hear. But we also need to be realistic,” he told ABC TV on Monday.
“This is what we’ve seen happen overseas. Australia is very fortunate that we’ve been the last continent on Earth to have this strain of bird flu happen. But we are likely to see those kind of events as we have overseas.”
Agriculture Minister Julie Collins said the federal government was investigating whether bird flu vaccines were available for use in mammals.
“There are trials underway in North America, in California and Hawaii, and this is using a vaccine that’s been developed for cattle,” she told ABC radio.
“There certainly is nothing commercially available, but we do continue to look at that research.”
Bird flu vaccinations have been rolled out to at-risk species, including the little penguins on Victoria’s Phillip Island.
Many were corralled into pens to receive the first of two vaccinations on Sunday night.
With case numbers on the rise, authorities have stepped in to do what they can to defend the 5,000-strong colony.
The penguins’ nightly ritual of returning to the same burrow, along the same path, made them ideal candidates for vaccination, Phillip Island Nature Parks reserve manager Ben Thomas said.
As a world-first in scale, the process has taken some experimentation and fine-tuning.
“We’ve had our teams out late into the night for a week now and learning a lot along the process,” Thomas said.
“We started on some of the quieter penguin pathways to fine-tune the whole process and get it working as quickly as we can, so we can process as many penguins as we can each night.
“We’ve now moved to the western end of the penguin parade, where the larger numbers are, and it’s working really well.”
A further 600 penguins were vaccinated over the weekend, taking the total number that have received a first dose at Phillip Island and St Kilda to about 1,000.