The data, from the National Health Measures Survey, found vitamin D deficiency was highest for the 18–29 year age groups, while men were more likely to be deficient than women.

Why do so many Australians not get enough vitamin D?

“That vitamin D is absorbed, [and] it’s converted to other related chemicals.”

“They really have to protect their skin, and that takes from the damaging effects of sunlight, and that takes priority,” Mason explains.

What are the consequences of vitamin D deficiency?

“You need the calcium and the phosphate that you eat to make healthy bones and healthy muscles,” Mason said.

A 2024 study from Monash University found vitamin D deficiency was a risk factor for developing multiple sclerosis (MS) and several other autoimmune diseases.

Can you test your vitamin D levels?

The tests are conducted using a small drop of blood from a finger prick, providing results about your vitamin D level within 15 minutes, but some experts believe such tests may not be sufficiently accurate.

“If you get a result that’s not quite right and you’re worried, then you should go and see your GP or health professional and get a proper blood test done.”

How to receive vitamin D in winter?

“You can get a bit of sunshine if you exercise at the same time … you’ve got to be exercising [and] roll your sleeves up,” Mason suggests.

According to Mason, other options include taking specific vitamin D supplements during the winter or consuming certain foods, such as dairy products and fish with skin.

Can you have too much vitamin D?

“In Australia, they don’t generally have big dose supplements … but if you get too much vitamin D from supplements, it can cause kidney stones and sometimes high calcium levels in the blood, which can be quite dangerous, even fatal.”