Uterine cancer poses a significant health risk to women, predominantly affecting those over the age of 50. Early detection and heightened awareness are crucial in improving treatment outcomes. As explained by Dr. Vincent Wagner, a gynecologic oncologist at University of Iowa Health Care, uterine cancer originates in the uterus, the organ responsible for nurturing a fetus during pregnancy. The primary types of uterine cancer are endometrial cancer, which develops in the uterine lining, and the much less common uterine sarcoma, which arises in the uterine muscle tissue.

​

What Causes Uterine Cancer?

The development of uterine cancer is frequently associated with hormonal imbalances, particularly when there is an excess of estrogen coupled with low progesterone levels. Risk factors include obesity, diabetes, and specific genetic predispositions. Additionally, women who have never been pregnant or have a family history of uterine or colorectal cancer also face increased risk. The incidence of uterine cancer has been on the rise, largely attributed to the growing prevalence of obesity and an aging population.

The Two Types of Uterine Cancer

• Endometrial cancer is the most prevalent form of uterine cancer, originating in the endometrium, or the lining of the uterus. It predominantly affects postmenopausal women and is often identified early due to distinct symptoms such as unusual bleeding.

• Uterine sarcoma, on the other hand, is a rarer and more aggressive type that forms in the myometrium, the muscle layer of the uterus. This form of cancer may not present noticeable symptoms until it reaches more advanced stages.

Distinguishing between these types of uterine cancer is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning for women prioritizing their uterine health.

5 Common Uterine Cancer Symptoms to Watch For

• Unusual vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause, is the most common warning sign.​
• Abnormal discharge that may be watery, bloody, or foul-smelling.
• Pelvic pain or pressure, often mistaken for normal aging or other gynecological issues.
• Pain during intercourse.
• Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder.

These symptoms are sometimes overlooked or dismissed as normal changes after 50, but persistent or worsening signs should prompt a medical evaluation.​

4 Uterine Cancer Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore

• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding after menopause.
• Sudden weight loss without explanation.
• Persistent abdominal swelling or bloating.
• Chronic fatigue or weakness, especially when paired with other symptoms.

These symptoms can indicate more advanced disease and require urgent attention.​

4 Ways to Lower Your Uterine Cancer Risk

• Maintain a healthy weight: Excess body fat produces estrogen, which can fuel uterine cancer.​
• Stay physically active: Regular exercise helps regulate hormones and supports a healthy weight.​
• Use hormonal birth control: Birth control pills containing both estrogen and progesterone may offer protection, especially for women at higher risk.​
• Eat a balanced diet: The Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, and healthy fats, is associated with lower uterine cancer risk.​

When to See Your Doctor

If you experience any unusual vaginal bleeding, persistent pelvic pain, or unexplained changes in your health after age 50, schedule an appointment with your doctor right away. Early diagnosis greatly improves treatment outcomes and survival rates. Regular check-ups and open communication with your healthcare provider are essential for staying ahead of potential risks.