CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – On Thursday, Blue Origin successfully launched its massive New Glenn rocket, carrying a pair of NASA spacecraft with a mission to reach Mars.

This marked only the second flight of the New Glenn rocket, which both Jeff Bezos’ aerospace company and NASA are relying on to transport astronauts and supplies to the moon in the future.

Standing at 321 feet (98 meters) tall, the New Glenn soared into the afternoon sky from the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. Its mission is to deliver NASA’s dual Mars orbiters on a lengthy journey to the red planet. The launch faced a four-day delay due to unfavorable weather conditions and intense solar storms that illuminated the skies with auroras, visible as far south as Florida.

During its initial test flight in January, the New Glenn successfully placed a prototype satellite into orbit but did not manage to land its booster on an Atlantic barge.

This time, Blue Origin aimed to recover the booster after it separated from the upper stage and the Mars orbiters, a crucial step toward making the rocket reusable and reducing costs, much like the approach taken by SpaceX.

The identical Mars orbiters, named Escapade, will spend a year hanging out near Earth, stationing themselves 1 million miles (1.5 million kilometers) away. Once Earth and Mars are properly aligned next fall, the duo will get a gravity assist from Earth to head to the red planet, arriving in 2027.

Once around Mars, the spacecraft will map the planet’s upper atmosphere and scattered magnetic fields, studying how these realms interact with the solar wind. The observations should shed light on the processes behind the escaping Martian atmosphere, helping to explain how the planet went from wet and warm to dry and dusty. Scientists will also learn how best to protect astronauts against Mars’ harsh radiation environment.

“We really, really want to understand the interaction of the solar wind with Mars better than we do now,” Escapade’s lead scientist, Rob Lillis of the University of California, Berkeley, said ahead of the launch. “Escapade is going to bring an unprecedented stereo viewpoint because we’re going to have two spacecraft at the same time.”

It’s a relatively low-budget mission, coming in under $80 million, that’s managed and operated by UC Berkeley. NASA saved money by signing up for one of New Glenn’s early flights. The Mars orbiters should have blasted off last fall, but NASA passed up that ideal launch window — Earth and Mars line up for a quick transit just every two years — because of feared delays with Blue Origin’s brand-new rocket.

Named after John Glenn, the first American to orbit the world, New Glenn is five times bigger than the New Shepard rockets sending wealthy clients to the edge of space from West Texas. Blue Origin plans to launch a prototype Blue Moon lunar lander on a demo mission in the coming months aboard New Glenn.

Created in 2000 by Bezos, Amazon’s founder, Blue Origin already holds a NASA contract for the third moon landing by astronauts under the Artemis program. Elon Musk’s SpaceX beat out Blue Origin for the first and second crew landings, using Starships, nearly 100 feet (30 meters) taller than Bezos’ New Glenn.

But last month NASA Acting Administrator Sean Duffy reopened the contract for the first crewed moon landing, citing concern over the pace of Starship’s progress in flight tests from Texas. Blue Origin as well as SpaceX have presented accelerated landing plans.

NASA is on track to send astronauts around the moon early next year using its own Space Launch System, or SLS, rocket. The next Artemis crew would attempt to land; the space agency is pressing to get astronauts back on the lunar surface by decade’s end in order to beat China.

Twelve astronauts walked on the moon more than a half-century ago during NASA’s Apollo program.

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