WASHINGTON – President Donald Trump has made it clear that he strongly desires a normalization of relations between Saudi Arabia and Israel.

He has consistently promoted his efforts to expand the Abraham Accords, an initiative from his first term that established commercial and diplomatic ties between Israel and several Arab countries. Trump views this as a cornerstone of his strategy to ensure lasting peace in the Middle East, especially as the delicate truce between Israel and Hamas in Gaza remains in effect.

The topic of normalization is anticipated to be a primary focus when Trump welcomes Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to the White House on Tuesday for discussions amid a formal ceremony.

“I hope that Saudi Arabia will join the Abraham Accords very soon,” Trump mentioned to reporters aboard Air Force One on Friday as he headed to Florida for the weekend.

Despite Trump’s enthusiasm for a potential U.S.-mediated agreement, internal assessments present a more cautious perspective. While Saudi Arabia may not join the accords immediately, there is guarded optimism within the administration that a deal could be reached by the end of Trump’s second term. This insight comes from three officials, who requested anonymity to discuss ongoing internal discussions.

The first Trump administration and its successor, the Biden administration, tried to persuade Saudi Arabia to join the Abraham Accords. But those hopes were dashed first by opposition from the crown prince’s father, King Salman, during Trump’s first term and then by Prince Mohammed himself after the Hamas attacks on Oct. 7, 2023, against Israel that sparked the Gaza war.

Although the crown prince, widely referred to as MBS, has indicated he may be more flexible than his father on the matter, a guaranteed path to a Palestinian state remains a condition and something that Israel vehemently opposes.

Trump could try to convince Prince Mohammed that the American leader’s 20-point Gaza peace plan represents such a path. That, however, risks the ire of the Israelis and their cooperation in the effort, especially if the Republican president were to promise a detailed timeline of benchmarks to be met.

One of the officials said the best outcome for this week’s talks, from the U.S. standpoint, might be for the Saudis to acknowledge Trump’s plan as the starting point for eventual Palestinian statehood and publicly agree to consider joining the accords.

Saudis want a path toward Palestinian statehood

Trump in recent weeks has predicted that once Saudi Arabia signs on to the accords, “everybody” in the Arab world “goes in.” He has asserted that the Saudis will join, given that the Gaza ceasefire is holding.

“We have a lot of people joining now the Abraham Accords, and hopefully we’re going to get Saudi Arabia very soon,” Trump said in a speech to business leaders this month where Princess Reema Bandar Al Saud, Saudi Arabia’s ambassador to Washington, was a special guest. Trump jokingly assured the diplomat, “I’m not lobbying.”

Trump says his optimism is informed by what he sees as a seismic shift in Middle East dynamics that he believes has created an opening for regional leaders to pursue lasting peace.

Iran, the common nemesis for the Saudis and Israelis, has seen its myriad proxies in Gaza, Lebanon and Yemen diminished after two years of conflict in the Middle East, and Tehran’s nuclear program was set back by U.S. strikes in June. Those factors have helped seed the ground for Saudi Arabia and Israel to come to an agreement, Trump argues.

Nevertheless, Trump’s public confidence remains difficult to square with the Saudi position that any normalization deal requires first establishing a clear path for Palestinian statehood.

Yet the visit could present an opportunity for Trump to ease the crown prince toward his ultimate goal, particularly if Trump can show he is receptive to the need to establish a Palestinian state.

“Trump showing openness and even support for a Palestinian state could go a long way in his hopes of inching MBS toward normalization,” said John Hannah, who served as national security adviser for Vice President Dick Cheney.

But Trump certainly contends with some headwinds in persuading Prince Mohammed to get onboard, at least in the near term.

The searing images of the Israel-Hamas war remain fresh and rebuilding the ravaged territory will be a yearslong effort.

Israel and Hamas are making slow progress on the return of remains of the last hostages in Gaza. But several critical decision points on the horizon — disarming Hamas, establishing international security forces in the territory and establishing an alternative governance structure for a post-Hamas Gaza — could undermine the delicate truce if things go sideways.

Ongoing Israeli settler violence against Palestinians in the West Bank has added to regional distrust toward Israel.

“As long as the scenes on Saudi television continue to be scenes of devastation and misery in Gaza, I think it’s going to be very hard for MBS to move in this direction,” said Jonathan Schanzer, executive director at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, a hawkish Washington think tank. “That said, I also believe that there are things that the Saudis can do, as they’ve done in the past, to advance the process of normalization across the region.”

Fighter jet deal seems unlikely during visit

The crown prince is expected to come to the White House with a wish list that includes receiving formal assurances from Trump defining the scope of the U.S. military protection for the kingdom and an agreement to buy U.S.-made F-35 fighter jets, one of the world’s most advanced aircraft.

But as the White House was wrapping up preparations for the visit, it appeared unlikely that Trump was ready to sign off on a deal for the fighter jets, the administration officials said. But they noted that Trump has a track record for unpredictability and could decide to approve the sales if the crown prince somehow persuades him.

The officials said the administration remains wary about upsetting Israel’s “qualitative military advantage” over its neighbors, especially at a time when Trump is depending on Israeli support for the success of his Gaza peace plan.

Another long-standing concern, which also derailed a potential similar sale to the United Arab Emirates, is that the F-35 technology could be stolen by or somehow transferred to China, which has close ties to both the UAE and Saudi Arabia.

The crown prince’s price for normalization has only risen in the aftermath of Gaza, said Hannah, the former Cheney aide, who is now a senior fellow at the Jewish Institute for National Security of America. But Hannah said it would be unwise for Trump to give up his leverage.

“I think it would be folly not to insist that the ultimate integration of these planes into the Saudi order of battle be tied to normalization and a more fundamental and permanent transformation in Saudi-Israel relations and the regional security landscape,” Hannah said.