PORTLAND, Maine – Recent operations by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in Maine have stirred debate, as the agency claims to have captured some of the state’s most dangerous criminals. However, a closer look at court records reveals a more nuanced situation than ICE’s portrayal.

During the statewide operation, named “Operation Catch of the Day” in a nod to Maine’s fishing heritage, ICE reported detaining over 100 individuals. The agency asserted in a statement that their focus was on the “worst of the worst,” citing individuals involved in egregious activities such as child abuse and hostage-taking.

While some detainees were indeed violent felons, as confirmed by court documents, others were caught in the net with unresolved immigration statuses or faced charges without any resulting conviction. This discrepancy raises questions about the operation’s overall target accuracy.

Concerns similar to those in Maine have been echoed by immigration attorneys and local officials in other cities where ICE has launched similar enforcement efforts. Many of those apprehended in these surges reportedly did not have criminal records, prompting widespread scrutiny.

Among the cases ICE spotlighted was that of Dominic Ali, originally from Sudan. Ali’s criminal history includes convictions for crimes such as false imprisonment, aggravated assault, assault, obstruction of justice, and violating a protective order, underscoring the mixed nature of the detainees’ backgrounds.

Court records show Ali was convicted in 2004 of violating a protective order and in 2008 of second-degree assault, false imprisonment and obstructing the reporting of a crime. In the latter case, prosecutors said he threw his girlfriend to the floor of her New Hampshire apartment, kicked her and broke her collarbone.

“His conduct amounted to nothing less than torture,” Judge James Barry said in 2009 before sentencing Ali to five to 10 years in prison.

Ali was later paroled to ICE custody, and in 2013 an immigration judge ordered his removal. No further information was available from the Executive Office for Immigration Review, and it remains unclear what happened after that order.

Other cases were more nuanced, like that of Elmara Correia, an Angola native whom ICE highlighted in its public promotion of the operation, saying she was “arrested previously for endangering the welfare of a child.”

Maine court records show someone with that name was charged in 2023 with violating a law related to learner’s permits for new drivers, a case that was later dismissed.

Correia filed a petition Wednesday challenging her detention, and a judge issued a temporary emergency order barring authorities from transferring her from Massachusetts, where she is being held. Her attorney said she entered the United States legally on a student visa about eight years ago and has never been subject to expedited removal proceedings.

“Was she found not guilty, or are we just going to be satisfied that she was arrested?” Portland Mayor Mark Dion said during a news conference in which he raised concerns that ICE failed to distinguish between arrests and convictions or explain whether sentences were served.

Dion also pointed to another person named in the release: Dany Lopez-Cortez, whom ICE said is a “criminal illegal alien” from Guatemala who was convicted of operating under the influence.

ICE highlighted Lopez-Cortez’s case among a small group of examples it said reflected the types of arrests made during the operation. Dion questioned whether an operating-under-the-influence conviction, a serious offense but one commonly seen in Maine, should rise to the level of ICE’s “worst of the worst” public narrative.

Boston immigration attorney Caitlyn Burgess said her office filed habeas petitions Thursday on behalf of four clients who were detained in Maine and transferred to Massachusetts.

The most serious charge any of them faced was driving without a license, Burgess said, and all had pending immigration court cases or applications.

“Habeas petitions are often the only tool available to stop rapid transfers that sever access to counsel and disrupt pending immigration proceedings,” she said.

Attorney Samantha McHugh said she filed five habeas petitions on behalf of Maine detainees Thursday and expected to file three more soon.

“None of these individuals have any criminal record,” said McHugh, who is representing a total of eight detainees. “They were simply at work, eating lunch, when unmarked vehicles arrived and immigration agents trespassed on private property to detain them.”

Federal court records show that immigration cases involving criminal convictions can remain unresolved or be revisited years later.

Another whose mug shot was included in materials on “the worst of the worst” of those detained in Maine is Ambessa Berhe.

Berhe was convicted of cocaine possession and assaulting a police officer in 1996 and cocaine possession in 2003.

In 2006 a federal appeals court in Boston vacated a removal order for him and sent the case back to the Board of Immigration Appeals for further consideration.

According to the ruling, Berhe was born in Ethiopia and later taken to Sudan by his adoptive parents. The family was admitted to the United States as refugees in 1987, when he was about 9.

ICE has said the operation is targeting about 1,400 immigrants in a state of about 1.4 million people, roughly 4% of whom are foreign-born.

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Associated Press journalist Rodrique Ngowi contributed.