HOUSTON – Doris Brown was nearly drifting off to sleep when a neighbor’s urgent knock alerted her to a power outage. “There were no lights anywhere,” Brown recounted of that summer night in 2023. “I hadn’t even realized it.”

Thanks to her solar panel and battery system, Brown’s home remained powered, a preparation she had made for such an event. “Call everyone,” she instructed her neighbor.

Before long, approximately 15 people, including neighbors and their relatives, gathered in Brown’s three-bedroom, one-and-a-half-bathroom home in Northeast Houston. They charged their phones, cooked meals, and even showered in preparation for work and school. Some opted to stay overnight.

“People were sleeping everywhere,” remarked 75-year-old Brown, who was glad to offer her home as a refuge during the outage. The only downside, she noted with a chuckle, was that “they ate all my snacks.”

Brown’s residence is part of a “hub home” initiative, one of seven participating in a Northeast Houston pilot project designed to establish emergency safe havens within the community. These havens are located not in traditional shelters or community centers, but in the homes of neighbors.

The idea was a grassroots response to decades of community disinvestment and neglect that got neighbors talking about what they could do to be ready for extreme weather and power outages.

“It’s us helping us,” said Brown.

The project was set to reach 30 more homes, until the Environmental Protection Agency in August canceled the $7 billion Solar for All program which would have funded its expansion. Harris County, which includes Houston, is now a plaintiff in one of multiple lawsuits over the cancellation.

People involved with the program acknowledge hub homes are unconventional — requiring trust and community cooperation and impacting fewer people than a larger resilience center.

But they also say they’re effective in creating pockets of preparedness in communities confronting more extreme weather but lacking resources to do more.

“It was a way to increase resilience in those neighborhoods that are often forgotten,” said Sam Silerio, Texas program director at Solar United Neighbors, one of the nonprofits involved with the pilot program which is also suing over the cuts.

A unique approach

The hub homes idea started after Winter Storm Uri in 2021, when freezing temperatures crippled Texas’ power grid for five days and led to 246 storm-related deaths, according to the Texas Department of Health Services.

Power loss contributed to many of the deaths, as people with health conditions couldn’t refrigerate medicines or run life-sustaining medical devices. Nineteen people died from carbon monoxide poisoning from improperly using generators and grills to stay warm.

“We were like, ‘Shoot, power grid failure is a serious thing that we are not prepared for’,” said Becky Selle, co-director of disaster preparedness, organizing, and operations at West Street Recovery, a Northeast Houston nonprofit founded after Hurricane Harvey in 2017.

WSR bought some generators for residents willing to share the resource. Brown, who almost froze to death herself in Uri, stepped up.

WSR added more supplies to the hubs, like life jackets and kayaks for flood evacuations, and held preparedness trainings for members.

When the D.C.-based nonprofit Solar United Neighbors approached them with a private grant from the Hive Fund to add free solar panels and batteries to several houses, WSR knew exactly where to install them.

The pilot had its challenges — some roofs had to be repaired before they could hold solar panels, and hub captains had to learn how to manage their batteries to not deplete them.

Success also required neighborly connection that modern communities often lack.

“You have to build that trust,” said David Espinoza, a hub home captain and West Street Recovery’s co-director of community organizing and language access. The 34-year-old went door-to-door on his block, introducing himself to sometimes wary neighbors. “I got to know my neighborhood a lot better,” he said.

About a dozen people are signed up on Espinoza’s “roster,” but he said the hub is there for anyone in need, prioritizing older neighbors and those with children or medical conditions.

There are other upsides, too: The solar and battery system reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and cut Espinoza’s utility bill in half.

Espinoza, who is bilingual, said that for neighborhoods like his with mixed-status, Spanish-speaking, and medically vulnerable households, hub homes are useful even with other shelters nearby.

“They can access me a little easier,” he said.

‘Social capital’

Efforts to bolster local resilience have grown in recent years as extreme weather, power outages, and electricity prices overburden communities.

Average annual power interruption hours across the U.S. have jumped in the last decade, largely due to extreme weather, according to Sarah Kotwis, senior associate at the clean energy nonprofit RMI.

“Communities do need to be thinking more strategically about resilience,” said Kotwis.

That preparedness begins with connections between neighbors, said Renae Hanvin, CEO and founder of Resilient Ready and an expert on “social capital,” or the “connections, trust and cooperation between people.”

“It’s the missing link in the disaster resilience ecosystem,” said Hanvin. “At the end of the day, the first thing you need (in an emergency) to help you is a person.”

As disasters worsen, first responders simply can’t help everyone at once, she said, so neighbors must think of themselves as “zero responders.”

Many communities have also turned to “resilience centers,” or locally trusted institutions like community centers or churches that are outfitted with backup power, emergency supplies, and even year-round social services.

Ideally, resilience investments aren’t an either-or decision, said Dori Wolfe, SUN senior Texas program associate. “Hub homes are one piece of the web, and there should be a resilience center at the center of each of these nodes,” she said. “We need all of it.”

‘A huge letdown’

Solar United Neighbors and West Street Recovery planned to expand the program this fall as part of a $54 million grant awarded to Harris County by the EPA.

They intended to grow the number of hub homes to 30, and add more batteries to existing ones to better run heating and air conditioning during outages. The money would have also funded a local resilience center.

In August, EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin canceled the EPA’s Solar for All program, intended to support residential solar for more than 900,000 lower-income households. Zeldin said authority for the “boondoggle” program was eliminated under Trump’s tax-and-spending bill.

“It’s a huge letdown,” said Silerio. Both Solar United Neighbors and Harris County sued the EPA in separate lawsuits this month over the cuts, as did over a dozen state attorneys general.

The termination “pulls the rug out from the very people the federal government should be protecting,” Harris County Interim County Administrator Jesse Dickerman said in a statement to The Associated Press.

West Street Recovery isn’t giving up on more hub homes. The nonprofit intends to fundraise through the community and seek other grants.

“These programs have been a big help to the community,” said Espinoza. “It’s going to be a lot harder without the funds from the federal government.”

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