MELBOURNE – Australians celebrated and protested across the country on Sunday as Australia Day drew attention to political differences over Indigenous rights months out from a federal election.

Australia Day marks a British colony being established at Sydney Cove on Jan. 26, 1788, which eventually led to Britain claiming the entire country without a treaty with its Indigenous inhabitants.

Indigenous rights advocates call Jan. 26 “Invasion Day” and protest rallies have been held in major cities. Many argue that Australia’s national day should not commemorate such a divisive event.

Australia Day is usually a public holiday and because it fell on a Sunday this year, Monday has been declared a holiday.

Acknowledging the hurt that Australia Day causes many Indigenous Australians, the most disadvantaged ethnic group that accounts for 4% of the population, many businesses refer to the ”January long weekend” rather than the “Australia Day long weekend.”

Australia Day has in recent decades been the date on which immigrants became Australian citizens in public ceremonies. But several local government councils have chosen to hold citizenship ceremonies on different dates due to the controversy.

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese’s center-left Labor Party government has attempted to accommodate differing views of Australia Day since it won elections in 2022.

The government in 2023 decided to allow public servants to work on Australia Day and take another day off instead, reversing a previous conservative government order that they must not work on Jan. 26 when it falls on a week day.

Opposition leader Peter Dutton has said that all councils will be required to hold citizenship ceremonies on Jan. 26 if his party wins elections due by May 17.

“If the prime minister doesn’t have the strength of leadership to stand up to mayors and others who don’t want to celebrate Australia Day, then our country’s in more trouble than we first realized,” Dutton said two weeks ago.

Dutton has accused Albanese of “equivocating” on his support for Australia Day to appease the minor Greens party.

The Greens party opposes celebrations on Jan. 26. Many observers, including Dutton, expect Labor will lose its parliamentary majority at the next election and may need the support of Greens lawmakers to form a minority government.

Albanese has accused Dutton of being divisive by declining an invitation to attend Australia Day events in the national capital Canberra.

Instead, Dutton attended a citizenship ceremony in his hometown of Brisbane.

“The national Australia Day event should be attended by both sides of the Parliament. They should be bipartisan,” Albanese told reporters on Sunday.

“Why wouldn’t you participate in national events if you want to be a national leader?” Albanese asked.

Australian National University historian Frank Bongiorno said both leaders were using Australia Day for their own political advantage.

“These figures will insist that they want it to be a day of unity, but they’ll invariably behave in ways that promote disunity around the day. That’s really how culture wars work,” Bongiorno said.

The day began in Sydney with the sails of the Sydney Opera House illuminated at dawn with the art of Indigenous painter James P. Simon.

In Melbourne, Indigenous activist Gary Foley told thousands of protesters who gathered at the steps of the state legislature that the greatest obstacle to a better future for the country was “Anglo-Australian racism born of fear and ignorance.”

“We need to gently educate those who are not here today about the true nature of Australian history and why it is every year we gather here on this occasion,” Foley told the crowd.

Pro-Palestine activists joined anti-Australia Day protesters in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia’s largest cities.

Palestinian woman Noura Mansour told a cheering Melbourne crowd that the plights of Indigenous Australians and Palestinians were intertwined.

“We were never meant to survive … but the fact that we are here over 200 years later, demanding a treaty now, demanding land back, calling for a free Palestine is a miracle,” she said.

Dutton has accused Albanese of dividing Australia along racial lines by holding a referendum in 2023 on Indigenous rights.

Australians voted against a proposal that would have enshrined in the constitution an Indigenous body known as the Voice to address Parliament on Indigenous issues.

Dutton has also accused Albanese’s government of focusing on Indigenous rights instead of a cost of living crisis facing many Australians due to inflation and high interest rates.