The streets of Minneapolis were charged with anger and outrage on Thursday, as protests erupted following the death of a woman shot by an Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officer. Meanwhile, a separate incident in Oregon has intensified scrutiny of federal enforcement actions across the nation, as a shooting there left two individuals wounded.

In Minneapolis, despite the biting cold and freezing rain, hundreds of demonstrators took to the city’s major thoroughfares, voicing their demands with cries of “ICE out now” and brandishing signs that read, “killer ice off our streets.” Their march followed a gathering outside a federal facility, which has become the epicenter of the administration’s heightened immigration enforcement efforts in the city.

Simultaneously, in Portland, Oregon, a shooting incident unfolded outside a hospital in the afternoon. Two people, a man and a woman, were injured while inside a vehicle, though their conditions remain undisclosed. The FBI and Oregon Department of Justice are investigating the incident. In response, Mayor Keith Wilson and the city council have urged ICE to halt all operations in Portland until the investigation reaches a conclusion.

The Department of Homeland Security has been quick to defend the actions of the federal officers involved in the Portland shooting, echoing their stance in Minneapolis. They allege the incident stemmed from a Venezuelan man with purported gang affiliations, who was reportedly attempting to use his vehicle as a weapon against the officers. As investigations continue, the accuracy of these claims is yet to be determined through witness testimonies and video evidence.

Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem, along with President Donald Trump and other administration officials, have steadfastly framed the Minneapolis shooting as an act of self-defense. They have painted Renee Good, the woman killed in the incident, as an aggressor, alleging she used her vehicle in an attempt to harm the officer who ultimately shot her.

Vice President JD Vance said the shooting was justified and Good, a 37-year-old mother of three, was a “victim of left-wing ideology.”

“I can believe that her death is a tragedy while also recognizing that it is a tragedy of her own making,” Vance said, noting that the officer who killed her was injured while making an arrest last June.

But state and local officials and protesters rejected that characterization, with Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey saying video recordings show the self-defense argument is “garbage.”

An immigration crackdown quickly turns deadly

The shooting happened on the second day of the Trump administration’s immigration crackdown on the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, which Homeland Security said is the biggest immigration enforcement operation ever. More than 2,000 officers are taking part, and Noem said they have made more than 1,500 arrests.

It provoked an immediate response in the city where police killed George Floyd in 2020, with hundreds of people turning up to the scene to vent their outrage at the ICE officers and the school district canceling classes for the rest of the week as a precaution.

Good’s death — at least the fifth tied to immigration sweeps since Trump took office — has resonated far beyond Minneapolis, as protests took place or were expected this week in many large U.S. cities.

“We should be horrified,” protester Shanta Hejmadi said. “We should be saddened that our government is waging war on our citizens.”

Protesters blocked the street where Good was shot with makeshift barricades constructed out of garbage cans, Christmas trees and canopies. People gave out coffee and water, while fires burned in metal drums to keep visitors warm.

Who will investigate?

The Minnesota agency that investigates officer-involved shootings said Thursday that it was informed that the FBI and U.S. Justice Department would not work with the it, effectively ending any role for the state to determine if crimes were committed. Noem said the state has no jurisdiction.

“Without complete access to the evidence, witnesses and information collected, we cannot meet the investigative standards that Minnesota law and the public demands,” said Drew Evans, head of the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension.

Gov. Tim Walz demanded that the state be allowed to take part, repeatedly emphasizing that it would be “very difficult for Minnesotans” to accept that an investigation excluding the state could be fair.

Noem, he said, was “judge, jury and basically executioner” during her public comments.

Frey, the mayor, told The Associated Press: “We want to make sure that there is a check on this administration to ensure that this investigation is done for justice, not for the sake of a cover-up.”

Deadly encounter seen from multiple angles

Several bystanders captured video of Good’s killing, which happened in a neighborhood south of downtown.

The recordings show an officer approaching an SUV stopped across the middle of the road, demanding the driver open the door and grabbing the handle. The Honda Pilot begins to pull forward, and a different ICE officer standing in front of it pulls his weapon and immediately fires at least two shots at close range, jumping back as the vehicle moves toward him.

It is not clear from the videos if the vehicle makes contact with the officer, and there is no indication of whether the woman had interactions with agents earlier. After the shooting the SUV speeds into two cars parked on a curb before crashing to a stop.

Officer identified in records

The federal agent who fatally shot Good is an Iraq War veteran who has served for almost two decades in the Border Patrol and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, according to records obtained by The Associated Press.

Noem has not publicly named him, but a Homeland Security spokesperson said her description of his injuries last summer refers to an incident in Bloomington, Minnesota, in which court documents identify him as Jonathan Ross.

Ross got his arm stuck in the window of a vehicle of a driver who was fleeing arrest on an immigration violation. He was dragged roughly 100 yards (90 meters) before he was knocked free, records show.

He fired his Taser, but the prongs did not incapacitate the driver, according to prosecutors. Ross was transported to a hospital.

A jury found the driver guilty of assaulting a federal officer with a dangerous weapon.

Attempts to reach Ross, 43, at phone numbers and email addresses associated with him were not successful.

DHS assistant secretary Tricia McLaughlin also did not confirm his identity but said the officer involved in the shooting was selected for ICE’s special response team, which includes a 30-hour tryout and additional training.

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Associated Press reporters Steve Karnowski and Mark Vancleave in Minneapolis; Ed White in Detroit; Valerie Gonzalez in Brownsville, Texas; Graham Lee Brewer in Norman, Oklahoma; Michael Biesecker in Washington; Jim Mustian in New York; Ryan Foley in Iowa City, Iowa; and Hallie Golden in Seattle contributed.