DEATH VALLEY NATIONAL PARK, Calif. — Once a prominent attraction in Death Valley National Park, Scotty’s Castle—a 1920s vacation retreat for a wealthy couple and home to a notorious con artist—has reopened to visitors after a decade-long closure due to flood damage. The historic site is now offering a limited number of tours following extensive repairs.

Nestled on a desert hillside, Scotty’s Castle encapsulates the quintessential Wild West narrative, complete with tales of a crafty cowboy, gold-seeking adventures, bandit shootouts, and enduring camaraderie. While some details may be embellished, the story remains captivating.

“The uniqueness of its location in such an unexpected place is what truly sets it apart,” remarked Abby Wines, the acting deputy superintendent of Death Valley National Park.

The National Park Service has initiated select flood-recovery tours of the castle grounds in the upcoming months, with plans for a full reopening anticipated in a few years.

Attracting approximately 1.4 million visitors annually, Death Valley National Park spans California and Nevada. It holds the distinction of being the hottest, driest, and lowest point in North America, situated at 282 feet below sea level.

Gold, bandits and unlikely friends

In its heyday, the castle was “the stage for a massive practical joke on all of America,” Wines said.

Walter Scott, a con man nicknamed “Death Valley Scotty” and a former rider for the Buffalo Bill Wild West Show, took up gold prospecting, convincing people to invest in a fictional gold mine in Death Valley, where he thought none of his investors would dare to visit.

He struck the mother lode when he met Albert Johnson, who made his money in mines and health insurance. He invested in the mine but traveled to Death Valley to see where his money was going. Scott tried to scare the man off by staging a gunfight with bandits.

Johnson realized it was a scam, but he didn’t mind. He found the dry desert air good for his health, and he enjoyed the adventure, Wines said. He brought his wife, Bessie Johnson, and they became friends with Scott.

Over nine years, they built a vacation home they called Death Valley Ranch. But Scott lived on the grounds until he died, and everyone referred to it as Scotty’s Castle. He is buried on top of a hill overlooking the property.

Inspired by the sandstone buildings and red tile roofs of Stanford University, where Bessie Johnson went to school, the castle is decorated with stucco walls, painted tiles and elaborate woodwork. A music room with a player pipe organ, arched ceilings and a stained-glass window served as a space for entertaining guests. Outside, a weather vane of Scott is perched on the roof, and a clock tower overlooks the valley. An incomplete pool shows the point in history when Johnson’s business failed and he couldn’t afford to restart construction.

Visitors stopped by the castle to see Scott and his famed gold mine when Death Valley became a national monument in 1933. Continuing his charade, he would tell visitors he built “his” castle on top of the mine. Servants went into tunnels beneath the castle and banged on pots and pans, creating the illusion of a working mine, Wines said. The Johnsons found the story entertaining.

Long road to restoration

When it was open, Scotty’s Castle drew 100,000 visitors every year. Guides dressed in period costumes gave tours of the castle, still with its original furnishings.

Interest in the castle remains high; the $35 flood recovery tours scheduled through March are already sold out. The proceeds will go toward completing the restoration, which will cost around $90 million.

Repairs, which involved a lot of utility work, have taken longer than expected because of multiple setbacks, including a fire in 2021 and historic rainfall in recent years.

“I think what most people connect to when they come out here is the story of the friendship between the rich couple, Albert and Bessie Johnson, and Death Valley Scotty, the man who started the relationship by convincing them to give him money for a gold mine that never existed,” Wines said.