In a landmark ruling, France’s National Court of Asylum (CNDA) has granted asylum eligibility to all Palestinians in Gaza, citing “persecution” by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) as a basis for refugee status under international law.

Why it matters: The decision opens France’s doors to potentially thousands of Gazans, raising humanitarian hopes but fueling concerns about integration, security, and the precedent it sets for European asylum policies amid ongoing Middle East conflicts. Reported by VINnews.

Driving the news: The CNDA’s July 2025 ruling, prompted by a Palestinian mother’s appeal, overturned a prior rejection by the French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (OFPRA), declaring IDF “war methods” in Gaza as persecution justifying full refugee status for all Gazans.

• The court invoked the 1951 Geneva Convention, citing persecution based on “nationality” despite France not recognizing Palestine as a state, noting Gazans’ shared cultural, ethnic, and geographic identity.
• Previously, 80% of Gazans registered with UNRWA were eligible for protection, but this ruling extends asylum eligibility to the remaining 20%, impacting roughly 400,000 people.
• The decision followed Hamas’ October 7, 2023, attacks on Israel, with the court arguing IDF actions since the January 2025 ceasefire’s end constitute group-based persecution.

Catch up quick: The case began when a Palestinian mother, denied full refugee status by OFPRA in November 2024, appealed to the CNDA. OFPRA had offered only “subsidiary protection,” a four-year temporary permit, arguing she faced no specific persecution. The CNDA’s broader ruling now grants Gazans 10-year refugee protections, including residency and work rights, based on their collective risk as Palestinians.

The intrigue: While leftist groups like Amnesty International praised the ruling as a humanitarian win, critics like Henda Ayari, a former Muslim activist, warned of security risks, noting that over 30 Muslim countries have refused Gazan refugees due to concerns over radicalism and instability.

Between the lines: The CNDA’s decision, based on public UN reports and the recent UNRWA ban in Gaza, could strain France’s already stretched asylum system, with only 200 Palestinian applications filed in 2024 out of 142,000 total. Critics argue it bypasses democratic oversight, while supporters see it as a bold step for group-based refugee protections.

What they’re saying:

• “The Israeli army uses indiscriminate warfare techniques against civilian populations because they are Palestinian,” the mother’s appeal claimed, swaying the CNDA to grant asylum eligibility.
• “While France is already grappling with explosive community tensions, it chooses today to unconditionally welcome refugees from Gaza,” Henda Ayari, an anti-Islamist activist, wrote, questioning the decision’s impact on French society. Reported by VINnews

The bottom line: France’s unprecedented asylum eligibility ruling for Gazans marks a shift in refugee policy, offering hope to those fleeing conflict but igniting fears of social and security challenges, with potential ripple effects across Europe as other nations watch closely.