(iSeeCars) – There are a lot of mechanical and electrical parts that work together to help your car run smoothly. The electronic control module (ECM) or powertrain control module (PCM) is the main computer that controls many of the vehicle’s essential functions. And as modern vehicles get more and more advanced, the ECM plays a more important role than ever.

What are the ECM’s essential functions and what should you expect if it starts to fail? We have the important answers.

What is the Electronic Control Module?

Also referred to as an engine control unit (ECU) or engine control module, it oversees the electrical system of the car, but focuses on engine performance. The ECM works with various sensors, actuators, wires, and connectors to make sure the vehicle has the correct ratios and timing of air, fuel, and spark. The ECM is constantly receiving information through a variety of sensors to serve important functions, including:

• Regulating fuel injectors






• Controlling the spark plugs






• Triggering the “Check Engine” light if there’s a problem






• Adapting idle speed






• Monitoring the ignition system






• Delivering commands to the transmission and camshaft systems

The car’s computer communicates with a number of sensors including the oxygen sensor, air pressure sensor, air temperature sensor, throttle position sensor, coolant temperature sensor, and the knock sensor, to optimize engine performance and fuel economy while reducing emissions.

Warning Signs of a Malfunctioning ECM:

Your car’s ECM is meant to last for the lifetime of your vehicle. However, it can still fail. Here are five common warning signs that could indicate your ECM needs to be replaced:

1. Your Check Engine Light Turns On

While there are many reasons your check engine light turns on, a common reason is because there is a problem with you car’s sensors or circuits. If your check engine light illuminates, a mechanic can scan the computer for trouble codes to determine if your ECM is the culprit.

2. Your Engine is Stalling 

An issue with your ECM can cause your vehicle to stall or misfire. During a misfire, your engine might stumble or stall completely (requiring a restart). When a misfire happens, your engine might momentarily stumble or lose power.

3. Diminished Engine Performance

If your ECM is malfunctioning, your vehicle will see a recurring reduction in power, acceleration, and fuel efficiency. 

4. Your Car Won’t Start

If you have a faulty ECM, your vehicle might be difficult to start or may not start at all when you put the key in the ignition or press your vehicle’s start button. That’s because a failing ECM doesn’t have engine management control, which enables your car to start and run.

5. Dead or Weakened Battery

Because the power relay can malfunction, it may create a constant flow of power to the ECM that will drain your battery. 

Cost to Replace Your ECM

Depending on your make and model, the computer itself will cost on average of $800. Most ECMs are located underneath the dashboard inside the cabin of the vehicle. Labor will run an hour or two because of the reprogram that needs to happen once the new computer is installed, but the replacement itself is pretty straightforward. All-in-all, the total cost of replacement should be an average of around $1,000, but can be as high as $2,000 for more premium vehicles.

Can I Drive My Car with an ECM Problem?

Your car is usually undrivable if your ECM is malfunctioning because your car likely won’t start or your engine will stall. When a vehicle is responding incorrectly to driver inputs, the vehicle should immediately be driven or towed to a repair shop.

Bottom Line

If your check engine light comes on or if your car’s electronic control unit is showing signs of damage, you should immediately take your vehicle to the nearest dealership, repair facility or service center. Because of the complex nature of the ECU, some repair facilities may not provide the service. Be sure to check with the repair shop before you take your vehicle there. While the dealership is usually the most costly place for vehicle repair, they are likely the best equipped to diagnose and repair your vehicle’s ECM.

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(Please remember that these repair prices can also fluctuate based on geographic location, as well as vehicle make and model; and that these numbers represent averages, not actual prices offered at any specific repair facilities.)

This article, Car Electronic Control Module: What Does it Do?, originally appeared on iSeeCars.com