Crucial Senate Holdouts Threaten Bipartisan Deal as Government Shutdown Looms

The contentious deal unfolded on Thursday when Democrats, advocating for new limitations on federal immigration raids nationwide, reached an accord with Trump. This agreement proposed separating funding for the Department of Homeland Security from a larger government spending package, granting Congress a two-week window to deliberate over immigration issues. This move was a reaction to Democratic outrage following the deaths of two protesters at the hands of federal agents in Minneapolis, which had led to threats of blocking the entire spending bill and potentially triggering a shutdown.

President Trump expressed a clear desire to avoid a government shutdown, urging bipartisan cooperation by encouraging lawmakers to cast a “much needed Bipartisan ‘YES’ vote.” Despite this, the progress of the spending package was stalled on Friday as some Republican senators resisted the deal. They cautioned against compromising too much on the border dispute, which remains a contentious issue.

Senator Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., took to the Senate floor to voice his concerns, stating that ICE and Border Patrol agents had been unjustly criticized. “And to the Republican party, where have you been?” he questioned, urging his colleagues to stand firm on the border issue.

ICE agents and Border patrol agents have been “slandered and smeared,” Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., said in a speech on the Senate floor. “And to the Republican party, where have you been?”

Graham said said he would hold up the deal, for now, unless Republican leaders would give him a vote on his bill preventing local governments from resisting the administration’s immigration policies.

“Guarantee me that vote and we move forward,” Graham said.

Graham has also opposed House language repealing a new law that gives senators the ability to sue the government for millions of dollars if their personal or office data is accessed without their knowledge.

It was unclear if any Democrats would object. Leaving the Capitol just before midnight on Thursday, Senate Majority Leader John Thune, R-S.D., said there were “snags on both sides” as he and Democratic leader Chuck Schumer of New York tried to work through any objections.

“Hopefully people will be of the spirit to try and get this done” on Friday, when the Senate was scheduled to reconvene in the late morning.

Schumer said Friday morning that “time is of the essence” and “the abuses of ICE have to come to an end.”

Even if the Senate passes the funding measure, it would need House approval before becoming law. The House is not expected to return until Monday, raising the possibility of at least a temporary partial shutdown over the weekend.

The Trump administration is expected to issue guidance to federal agencies on how to proceed.

The unusual bipartisan talks between Trump and Schumer, his frequent adversary, came after the fatal shooting of 37-year-old Alex Pretti in Minnesota last weekend and calls by senators in both parties for a full investigation. Schumer called it “a moment of truth.”

“What ICE is doing, outside the law, is state-sanctioned thuggery and it must stop,” Schumer said. “Congress has the authority — and the moral obligation — to act.”

The standoff has threatened to plunge the country into another shutdown, just two months after Democrats blocked a spending bill over expiring federal health care subsidies. That dispute closed the government for 43 days as Republicans refused to negotiate.

That shutdown ended when a small group of moderate Democrats broke away to strike a deal with Republicans. But Democrats are more unified this time after the fatal shootings of Pretti and Renee Good by federal agents.

Republicans were more willing to make a deal, as well. Several said that after those shootings, they were open to new restrictions.

Democrats have laid out several demands, asking the White House to “end roving patrols” in cities and coordinate with local law enforcement on immigration arrests, including requiring tighter rules for warrants.

They also want an enforceable code of conduct so agents are held accountable when they violate rules. Schumer said agents should be required to have “masks off, body cameras on” and carry proper identification, as is common practice in most law enforcement agencies.

Tom Homan, the president’s border czar, said Thursday in Minneapolis that federal immigration officials are developing a plan to reduce the number of agents in the state, but that would depend on cooperation from state authorities.

If the deal moves forward, negotiations down the road on a final agreement on the DHS bill are likely to be difficult.

Democrats want Trump’s aggressive immigration crackdown to end. “If the Trump administration resists reforms, we shut down the agency,” said Connecticut Sen. Richard Blumenthal.

Republicans are unlikely to agree to all of the Democrats’ demands.

Sen. Thom Tillis, R-N.C, said he is opposed to requiring immigration enforcement officers to show their faces, even as he blamed Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem for decisions that he said are “tarnishing” the agency’s reputation.

“You know, there’s a lot of vicious people out there, and they’ll take a picture of your face, and the next thing you know, your children or your wife or your husband are being threatened at home,” Tillis said.

Sen. Tommy Tuberville, R-Ala., criticized what he called Democrats’ “woke wish list of so-called ICE ‘reforms.’”

“Now, more than EVER, we need to let our police officers know that we have their backs—not burden them with some new protocols that could slow their progress on DEPORTING CRIMINALS,” Tuberville posted on X.

House Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., told The Associated Press on Thursday that he had been “vehemently opposed” to breaking up the funding package, but “if it is broken up, we will have to move it as quickly as possible. We can’t have the government shut down.”

At a Kennedy Center evening premiere of a movie about first lady Melania Trump, Johnson said he might have some “tough decisions” to make about when to bring the House back to Washington to approve the bills separated by the Senate, if they pass.

House Republicans have said they do not want any changes to their bill.

“The package will not come back through the House without funding for the Department of Homeland Security,” members of the conservative House Freedom Caucus wrote Trump.

House Democratic Leader Hakeem Jeffries told reporters that any change in the homeland bill needs to be “meaningful and it needs to be transformative.”

Absent “dramatic change,” Jeffries said, “Republicans will get another shutdown.”

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, better known as SNAP, was massively affected by the previous shutdown in late 2025, the longest in the nation’s history. The Trump administration restricted program funding during the shutdown, triggering numerous conflicting court rulings and shifting state and federal policies.

The confusion that shutdown caused in SNAP led lawmakers to ensure full year-long funding for the agency in charge of the program, the Department of Agriculture. The agency has been funded through Sept. 30, 2026, meaning the possible partial shutdown would not impact SNAP.

The United States Postal Service isn’t impacted by government shutdowns, as the service’s funding isn’t determined by Congress, according to the American Postal Workers Union.

“As an independent agency that is almost entirely self-funded, postal operations will continue as usual with no disruption in pay for employees,” the union’s website said. “Unfortunately, many of our union family across federal agencies will face furloughs or be required to work without pay.”

Airports will remain open, and flights will continue during a partial government shutdown, but airports’ most essential workers will have to work without pay again.

Air traffic controllers could be impacted again as the Department of Transportation’s budget is one of the funding measures Congress has yet to approve. 

Workers with the Transportation Security Administration, or TSA, would also be forced to work without pay in the event of a partial shutdown. Their positions are funded by the Department of Homeland Security, the budget of which is being debated and may cause the shutdown.

Each of the nation’s national parks will remain open since the Department of the Interior was fully funded through Sept. 30.

The six remaining budget appropriations bills that have yet to be passed by Congress provide funding for the vast majority of federal agencies, including the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Defense, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Education, the Department of Transportation, and the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Federal workers in each of these departments will either be considered “essential” and work without pay or be furloughed for as long as the shutdown lasts.

Associated Press writers Lisa Mascaro, Kevin Freking, Stephen Groves, Joey Cappelletti, Seung Min Kim, Michelle L. Price and Darlene Superville contributed to this report.

Copyright 2025 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.