Cruise ships have long been a beloved vacation choice for many Americans, offering the allure of adventure, relaxation, and exploration. However, for years the industry has been shadowed by troubling headlines that highlight incidents of violent crime on board, raising concerns about safety and security. These stories of lawlessness on the high seas have both fascinated and horrified those considering a cruise getaway.

Experts have often pointed out that the unique environment of a cruise ship can sometimes become a breeding ground for unwanted behavior and criminal activities. Dr. Carole Lieberman, a forensic psychiatrist, explained to Fox News Digital, “Just like subways invite crime because criminals have a ‘captive audience,’ cruise passengers are ‘captive’ for an even longer time, as jumping off into the ocean is not really an option.” She added that “a cruise ship feels like a world unto its own. It feels like you’re on another planet or at least another country, so it seems like there are fewer consequences.”

This perception of diminished accountability is shared by Andrew Stoltmann, a Chicago-based attorney, who points out that cruise ship passengers must adhere to the laws of the local jurisdictions wherever the ship docks. Thus, the legal landscape can change as swiftly as the ship sails from one port to the next.

As a Carnival cruise ship sails away from port in Miami, Florida, the image of a carefree vacation belies the complex legal and safety challenges that come with traveling on these floating cities. (iStock)

A Carnival cruise ship departs port in Miami, Florida.  (iStock)

“Maritime law is extremely complex and it shifts depending on location,” Stoltmann said. “Whatever flag the ship flies, that law is what is applicable while the ship is sailing. But while the ship is docked, it is that country’s law that applies. This makes it extremely complex and many times it’s hard to figure out.”

Ultimately, experts point to a mixture of relaxed inhibitions and inconsistent methods of reporting crimes as some of the major catalysts for headlines involving murders, rapes and vacationers going missing on the high seas. 

“There’s obviously a perception by the public that these cruise ships are very safe and they have their own police force or security force,” Stoltmann said. “Unfortunately, this usually simply isn’t true. And because these ships are often in international waters, many of the same legal protections we enjoy here in the United States simply aren’t applicable on the high seas.”

In recent months, headlines about cruise trouble have included the mysterious death of Florida teen Anna Kepner and a lawsuit filed by the family of a man who says their loved one was killed after Royal Caribbean served him nearly three-dozen alcoholic drinks. Those are just the latest in decades of scares and scandals marring the industry: 

Amy Bradley disappears while on a family vacation

In 1998, 23-year-old Amy Bradley embarked on a Royal Caribbean International cruise with her family for a seven-day trip to the tropics to celebrate her recent college graduation. 

Amy Bradley vanished from a Royal Caribbean cruise ship while traveling with her family in March 1998.  (Courtesy of Netflix © 2025)

However, the celebration quickly turned tragic when Bradley vanished from her stateroom as the ship was preparing to dock in Curaçao, sparking a massive search for the aspiring sports psychology student that ultimately remains unsolved. 

On the evening before her disappearance, Bradley and her brother, Brad, were enjoying an evening at the Rhapsody of the Seas nightclub, where the pair remained until the early morning hours. She was last seen asleep on the stateroom cabin’s balcony by her father. 

About a half an hour later, Bradley had vanished. 

An extensive search for the recent college graduate ensued, but authorities were unable to locate Bradley. The vessel continued its scheduled stops and ultimately returned to Puerto Rico four days later. 

Countless theories have swirled regarding Amy Bradley’s disappearance, but authorities have never made any arrests in the case.   (Courtesy of Netflix © 2025)

Since her disappearance, countless rumors have swirled around what happened to her, with some theories suggesting she had fallen overboard and drowned, or that she had intentionally jumped from the balcony to take her own life. 

At the time of the search, Netherlands Antilles Coast Guard Lt. Sjoerd Soethout told reporters she could have fallen from the ship’s balcony, the Associated Press reported. The FBI also uncovered “no evidence of foul play” following an investigation into Bradley’s disappearance.

The case ultimately ran cold. 

Years after her disappearance, Bradley’s parents were sent a series of sexually explicit images of a woman based in the Caribbean by an anonymous tipster. 

Amy Bradley disappeared while on a Royal Caribbean International cruise with her family for a seven-day trip to the tropics to celebrate her recent college graduation.  (Courtesy of Netflix © 2025)

The woman, identified only as “Jas,” was seen posing provocatively while intentionally covering any identifiable markings, such as Bradley’s tattoo of a Tasmanian Devil spinning a basketball. 

The photos further solidified Bradley’s parents’ theory that their daughter had been kidnapped and sold into sex trafficking. 

However, despite various leads throughout the years and the FBI releasing age-progressing photos of Bradley in 2017, she has never been found and authorities have yet to charge anyone with a crime relating to the case. 

Husband pleads guilty to murdering wife on Alaskan cruise

In 2017, Kenneth Manzanares and his wife, Kristy Manzanares, boarded the Emerald Princess cruise ship with their daughters for a trip to Alaska. 

The couple got into a contentious argument in front of their daughters while inside their stateroom, in which Kristy Manzanares told her husband she wanted a divorce and that he should disembark the ship when it reaches port in Juneau, according to prosecutors. 

As the fight escalated, Kenneth Manzanares ordered the pair’s daughters out of the room, prosecutors said. After they heard their mother scream, they attempted to re-enter the room – which was locked. 

The girls then accessed the room through a connected balcony, where they witnessed their father “straddling Kristy on the bed, striking her in the head with closed fists,” according to prosecutors. 

Kenneth Manzanares then attempted to hurl his wife’s body over the balcony railing, but his in-laws managed to break into the room to stop him. 

Following the attack, Kristy Manzanares “had a severe head wound, and blood was spread throughout the room on multiple surfaces,” according to an FBI arrest affidavit. 

She subsequently died from her injuries, with authorities ruling her cause of death was due to blunt force trauma to the head and face. 

Kristy Manzanares’ brother-in-law, identified in court documents as D.H., told investigators that upon entering the room, he found the victim covered in blood on the floor and Kenneth Manzanares inside with blood on his hands. 

Kenneth Manzanares allegedly told D.H. that, “She would not stop laughing at me.”

In 2020, Kenneth Manzanares pleaded guilty to second-degree murder charges after prosecutors alleged he was his wife’s killer. 

He was sentenced to 30 years in prison in 2021, but only served a few weeks of his sentence before he was found unresponsive in his Juneau prison cell – with investigators ruling out foul play in his death. 

Florida cheerleader found dead on Carnival cruise ship 

Last month, 18-year-old Anna Kepner, a Florida high school senior, was found dead inside her family’s cabin aboard the Carnival Horizon cruise ship. 

Kepner’s body was discovered stuffed under a bed and covered with life jackets inside the room she was sharing with her 14-year-old brother and 16-year-old stepbrother on Nov. 7, with the cruise returning to the Port of Miami the next day. Her cause and manner of death were reportedly a homicide by mechanical asphyxiation.

Anna Kepner was identified by her family as the passenger who died onboard the Carnival Horizon. (Instagram/Anna Kepner)

While no one has been charged in Kepner’s death, court filings submitted by her 16-year-old stepbrother’s parents indicate the teen is being looked at as a potential “suspect” by the FBI.

Friends and relatives close to Kepner have spoken out to accuse the 16-year-old of acting inappropriately toward the victim in the past.

Speaking to reporters outside Kepner’s memorial service, her ex-boyfriend recalled a time when he was on a 3 a.m. FaceTime call with her when she dozed off. Shortly after, he witnessed Kepner’s stepbrother enter her room. 

“I was like, ‘What the hell are you doing in her room?’” he said. “Then he got scared and ran away, and I heard his footsteps running through the house ’cause he got caught.”

Anna Kepner, her father, stepmother and several siblings in a family photo. (Shauntel Kepner/Facebook)

Over a month later, authorities have not made any arrests in the case and the investigation remains ongoing.

Family sues Royal Caribbean, alleges 33 drinks led to man’s death

In December 2024, 35-year-old Michael Virgil embarked on a four-day tropical getaway to Ensenada, Mexico, with his long-time fiancée and the couple’s young son, who has autism. 

The family boarded Royal Caribbean’s Navigator of the Seas while it was docked in Los Angeles, but were informed by crew members that their room was not yet ready, according to a wrongful death lawsuit filed by Virgil’s family. 

They were subsequently invited to visit a bar with live music while they waited, but the couple’s son grew restless and left with his mother to check on the status of their room. 

Michael Virgil’s family has filed a wrongful death lawsuit claiming the 35-year-old was killed by crew members aboard Royal Caribbean’s Navigator of the Seas as they tried to subdue him after serving him over 33 alcoholic drinks in December 2024. (GoFundMe)

Within hours of the ship’s departure, Virgil was allegedly served at least 33 alcoholic beverages, which were included under the company’s virtually unlimited “Deluxe Beverage Package” that Virgil had purchased. 

After consuming nearly three-dozen drinks, the suit states, Virgil became increasingly agitated and combative while trying to locate his family’s cabin. 

As Virgil grew more belligerent, security and crew members allegedly tackled him to the ground and restrained him for several minutes. During the altercation, the staff captain directed crew members to inject Virgil with the sedative Haloperidol and use three cans of pepper spray to subdue him, the complaint alleges. 

Virgil was subsequently pronounced dead shortly after the incident. 

Michael Virgil can be seen kicking a door prior to being taken down by security on Royal Caribbean’s Navigator of the Seas.  (Obtained by FOX 11 Los Angeles)

The medical examiner later determined Virgil’s death was a homicide, with the cause being “combined effects of mechanical asphyxia, obesity, cardiomegaly and ethanol intoxication.” The report also pointed to “combined effects of mechanical asphyxia, obesity, cardiomegaly and ethanol intoxication” as the source of Virgil’s injury.

Virgil’s family has since filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Royal Caribbean, seeking judgment for damages under the Death on the High Seas Act, including loss of support, inheritance, past and future earnings and net accumulations. They are also seeking funeral and medical expenses, loss of companionship and protection and mental pain and suffering, among other claims.

Royal Caribbean did not immediately respond to Fox News Digital’s request for comment. 

“We are seeing an incredibly alarming number of serious injuries and fatalities on cruise ships of late,” the family’s attorney, Kevin Haynes, said. “Our goal is to force systemic change in the way this industry operates to ensure that no person or family experiences tragedy like this again.”