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WASHINGTON — As President Trump ramps up pressure against Iran, military leaders at the Pentagon are discreetly preparing a comprehensive array of military options that could potentially lead to U.S. ground forces engaging in a significant conflict for the first time in almost five years.
Trump is currently adopting a dual approach: escalating military pressure while keeping negotiations open. He has even extended a deadline set for Friday, allowing Tehran more time to comply with U.S. demands.
Simultaneously, thousands of U.S. troops, including units from the elite 82nd Airborne Division, are being deployed to the region. Accompanied by Air Force, Navy, and Marine forces, this display of military might aims to pressure Tehran into negotiations while also preparing for any possible confrontation.
Moreover, the Pentagon is reportedly contemplating the deployment of an additional 10,000 troops to the Middle East, as tensions with Iran continue to escalate, according to the Wall Street Journal.
The core of this tension lies in the Strait of Hormuz, a pivotal global oil transit point that Iran has disrupted, causing global oil prices to rise. Iran asserts control over the strait, but Trump is determined to ensure it remains open and secure for international use, by any means necessary.
While the use of force is not decided and diplomacy could prevail, the Department of War is prepared for a range of actions, which analysts and former military planners say could range from sustained airstrikes and covert raids to the dramatic seizure of strategic islands in the Persian Gulf.
Here’s how a conflict could unfold — and what’s on the table:
Boots on the ground
The more aggressive options under discussion — placing US troops at the most potential risk — involve American boots on Iranian soil.
Those options vary, but are largely centered around seizing key Iranian-controlled or disputed islands like Abu Musa and Larak, which sit astride the shipping lanes.
Former Pentagon official and Atlantic Council fellow Alex Plitsas said taking those positions would strip Iran of crucial launch points.
“That would deny those as strategic platforms to strike ships in the area,” he said.
Even more consequential: Kharg Island, Iran’s primary oil export hub. Putting troops there serves a dual purpose — stopping Iran’s ability to make money off oil and putting troops in a location Tehran would be loathe to target, lest they destroy their own critical infrastructure, Plitsas said.
“It’s like taking a chess piece off Iran’s board and putting another bargaining chip in your pocket,” he said.
Still, any move on the ground would come with steep risks. Holding territory would expose US forces to sustained attack and stretch military resources, Foundation for Defending Democracies senior fellow and retired Rear Adm. Mark Montgomery warned.
“If you try to seize and hold this area, the risk to the force will become so high,” he said.
Getting troops in wouldn’t be easy either.
A naval landing would require running the gauntlet through the strait, while an airborne assault sending in troops via helicopters and parachutes would leave forces exposed to missiles and drones during insertion.
“You’d have to transit the strait with ships in order to get in there… and we can’t do that,” Plitsas said, noting that such a move would sacrifice surprise and expose US forces to attack.
“If they come in by air, you’d be vulnerable to shoulder-fired missiles up to 12,000 feet,” he added.
But the US military also has options to secure the vital waterway and ensure oil keeps flowing — without necessarily putting boots on the ground, Montgomery said.
“Opening the straight is not a factor of securing the islands; it’s a factor of reducing the military risk to a convoy,” he said. “The military risk to a convoy comes from missiles, mines, drones and fast attack craft. So you have to reduce each one of those to a manageable risk level, and each one of them has kind of a different [air and naval asset] that can take care of them.”
The retired admiral said the US could reopen the strait by stacking a layered air-and-sea defense in a no-ground-war playbook to keep the critical shipping lane open.
Navy destroyers already in region could knock down incoming missiles, while F-16s, F-15s and F/A-18 fighter jets could hunt drones overhead with low-cost rockets — leaving pricey standard missiles as a last resort if anything slips through, he said.
Meanwhile, Iranian fast-attack boats would be taken out by A-10 aircraft and armed helicopters, and mines would be prevented where possible and cleared by US littoral combat ships with mine-sweeping gear.
Targeting nuclear capabilities
Another path: going after Iran’s nuclear capabilities.
That could mean covert operations to seize highly enriched uranium stockpiles buried deep underground — though experts say a large-scale ground invasion could be challenging to pull off.
“For a soft team insertion and removal, yes,” Montgomery said. “For something like the 82nd Airborne, that would be pretty challenging.”
Instead, special forces could slip in and out quickly — hitting targets without trying to hold ground.
“I would keep it Special Forces — an insertion, no holding, do your business, get out,” he said.
Or the US could rely entirely on sustained airstrikes aimed at degrading Iran’s nuclear infrastructure over time.
Even then, Iran would still have ways to hit back — including swarms of explosive boats, drones and missile attacks targeting US forces or commercial shipping.
Regardless, the message from Washington is clear: negotiate — or face a widening menu of military force.