In Napa, California, tariffs on imported goods are presenting significant obstacles for the U.S. wine industry, impacting both foreign imports as well as domestic wine production, according to industry experts.

“Tariffs are a complex issue,” explained Dawson Hobbs, Executive Vice President of Government Affairs at the Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America. “While the obvious concern is the tariffs directly imposed on imported wines, there are additional layers to consider. Tariffs on essential materials like glass, aluminum cans, labels, and even the glue for packaging boxes influence the entire production process and supply chain.”

Wholesalers, who purchase products from producers or importers and distribute them to retailers, are feeling the pinch of rising costs. With inventory expenses climbing, they are faced with the choice of either raising prices when selling to retailers or absorbing these additional costs.

“When our expenses increase, the cost of maintaining inventory in our warehouse also rises,” said Hobbs. “This situation poses a significant challenge for the industry and the entire supply chain.”

Three bottles of wine from Hossfeld Vineyards are displayed on a table. (Photo by Amalia Roy)

The on-again, off-again nature of tariff announcements adds another layer of difficulty. The Trump administration first threatened 200% tariffs against European wine imports in the spring, before settling on 15%.

“At the beginning of the year, there were tariffs threatened, then delayed, then implemented. When products take 60 to 70 days to arrive, it’s very difficult to plan when you don’t know what the tariff rate will be,” Hobbs told Fox.

Hobbs warned that rising costs could soon affect consumers more directly.

“Many companies have tried to absorb the cost, but as we near the end of this year and into the beginning of next year, consumers will start to see the impact on shelf prices,” he said.

Tariffs can affect American producers indirectly, when many components involved in wine production come from overseas.

“American wines are certainly feeling tariffs in terms of inputs, aluminum cans, glass, cardboard, glue,” Hobbs said. “But overall, it creates more headwinds for the industry and does not help anyone with the final experience for the consumer.”

Lucia Hossfeld, co-owner of Hossfeld Vineyards with her husband, said they are feeling the effects of tariffs on the winemaking side of the business.

Lucia Hossfeld operates a tractor on her vineyard. (Amalia Roy)

“French oak barrels, the glass bottles, the cork. We’ve also seen consolidation, the labeling of the wine, as well as the selling of the wine. We’ve seen kind of retaliatory tariffs,” Hossfeld said.

It is often difficult to source some of the needed materials in the United States, she explained. Other times, certain imported materials are necessary for the type of wine they make.

Over the last 18 months, costs have risen around 20%, largely due to inflation and labor costs, but tariffs implemented earlier this year have also added to higher operational expenses. Hossfeld said they’re working with trade partners to absorb costs and keep prices stable.

The view from Hossfeld Vineyards in Napa, California, overlooking the Napa Valley. (Amalia Roy)

“On the supplier end, our barrel company, they’re making concessions, you know, splitting the cost with us,” Hossfeld said.

Similarly to domestic winemakers, Hobbs said many wholesalers are also absorbing the cost of tariffs, but he warned it’s not a sustainable solution.

“Our industry has very thin margins for the most part. Most people that you talk to do believe you will start seeing real price increases, unfortunately, as we near Christmas, and as we get into the first of the year,” Hobbs said.