U.S. pharmacy chain Rite Aid on Monday filed for bankruptcy protection for the second time in as many years, according to a court filing.

Pharmacy chains, such as Rite Aid, Walgreens and CVS, have been under pressure as falling drug margins and competition from Walmart and Amazon have led to a closure of hundreds of stores.

Walgreens, facing significant losses, recently agreed to a $10 billion buyout by private equity firm Sycamore Partners — a dramatic decline from its $100 billion valuation a decade ago, underscoring the severe challenges facing traditional pharmacy retailers.

Rite Aid used its previous bankruptcy in 2023 to cut $2 billion in debt, close hundreds of stores, sell its pharmacy benefit company, Elixir, and negotiate settlements with its lenders, drug distribution partner McKesson and other creditors.

The previous bankruptcy also resolved hundreds of lawsuits alleging that Rite Aid ignored red flags when filling suspicious prescriptions for addictive opioid pain drugs.

But despite those settlements, Rite Aid still had $2.5 billion in debt when it emerged from bankruptcy as a private company owned by its lenders in 2024.

According to Monday’s court filing, the company has estimated assets and liabilities in the range of $1 billion to $10 billion.

The company was unable to secure additional capital from lenders, which it needed to continue operating the business, Bloomberg News reported earlier in the day, citing an internal letter from CEO Matthew Schroeder to the company’s employees.

The letter also states that the drug store chain intends to reduce its workforce at its corporate offices in Pennsylvania.

Rite Aid operated about 2,000 pharmacies in 2023 but now has only 1,250 stores across the U.S., with recent closures significantly reducing its presence in markets such as Ohio and Michigan.