A car bursts through a curtain of smoke and hurtles towards me before sweeping into a high-speed corner. The driver throws it sideways in a manoeuvre known as drifting, leaving me with little more than a blur of headlights.

The roar of modified exhausts bounces around the retail park in Basildon, Essex. Burnt rubber hangs in the air, while metallic dust irritates my eyes. Moments later, the car’s rear end snaps around and skids past, missing my feet by only a few centimetres.

I instinctively jump back. The people around me stay exactly where they are. For them, being this close is part of the excitement.

When the smoke finally thins, the scale of the gathering becomes clear. Hundreds of spectators, mostly teenage boys and young men, are pressing towards the drivers. Phones are held high as everyone competes to record the most dramatic footage of the night.

Children are among them, including some still wearing pyjamas. They scramble over one another for a clearer view, while others have climbed onto empty containers and the roof of a Primark warehouse. Their legs hang over the edge as they watch another car prepare to launch into its next stunt.

Without warning, three men who appear to be in their early 20s dash into the path of a Honda S2000. As the car swings around, each jumps over its rear in turn, carefully judging the moment the vehicle sweeps past. The final man gets his timing wrong and crashes onto the tarmac.

“If you’re going to stand at the front, it’s not safe,” someone yells to the group I have been forced into.

Over the exhaust backfires and engine noise, I ask a short boy beside me whether the event is illegal. I have tried to blend in, wearing a bandana over my mouth, a hoodie and loose jeans. But I am still an outsider in this world.

“Uh, yeah,” he says with a laugh. “First time?”

In fact, it is my third visit. For months, I have been examining Britain’s boy-racer culture for the Daily Mail’s Underground: UK series, attending everything from seemingly harmless family car meets to illegal night-time drifting events where drivers perform dangerous manoeuvres just feet from spectators.

What emerges is a scene driven by adrenaline, rivalry and risk, with an expanding online audience constantly demanding more spectacular content.

The phenomenon itself is not new. During the early 1990s, Oxford’s Blackbird Leys estate became infamous for joyriding youths performing handbrake turns and high-speed stunts. Television coverage transformed the estate into a national story, while drivers recorded one another on camcorders. The publicity was subsequently blamed for encouraging imitators.

The difference today is that the crowd doubles as a media operation. A stunt once seen by a few friends can now be filmed, posted online and viewed by millions within minutes. The question is what happens when performing for social media turns a reckless display into a fatal one.

The deaths in recent weeks of five young men and two police officers on the A66 near Middlesbrough, along with five teenage boys on an Irish motorway, have renewed scrutiny of dangerous driving carried out for entertainment and online attention. The incidents have also intensified pressure on social media platforms to act against videos that glorify such behaviour.

When I began investigating the scene, finding the meets was straightforward. Public TikTok and Instagram posts promoted gatherings across east London and along the Essex coast. The locations were familiar suburban meeting points: roundabouts, retail parks and the car parks of Nando’s and McDonald’s.

One Saturday night in Barking, I followed the sound of engines up the concrete ramps of a multistorey car park. Beneath the yellow lighting on the top level sat rows of “sleepers” — cars with unremarkable exteriors concealing heavily modified engines. Much of the audience appeared to be under 18, waiting for the chance to ride with the older drivers.

Later, after hearing about another gathering in Dagenham, my cameraman and I climbed into the battered car of one participant and followed the convoy to an industrial estate. Vehicles were already sweeping around the roundabouts, while powerful basslines blasted from parked cars.

Then the blue lights arrived. Police officers shut the meet down and we left. Only afterwards did we discover that the gathering had not ended at all — it had simply relocated to another site.

A few days later, a meet on the seafront at Southend looked comparatively wholesome. Modified cars, their suspension lowered almost to the tarmac, with oversized alloy wheels and unmuffled exhausts, crawled along the strip beneath flashing lights as families wandered between them and the arcades, armed with candy floss and vinegary chips.

But the petrolheads at this benign event know danger can explode at any moment. One man described the moment ‘the one idiot’ turns up and starts doing doughnuts – spinning the car round in tight circles, tyres smoking. Someone gets hit, police descend and ‘that’s it, game over’.

But that wasn’t going to happen here surely? ‘No, it happens at the afterparty.’

I soon realised there wasn’t just one kind of car meet. There were the family-friendly displays and slow-moving cruises through towns to showcase the supercharged vehicles. But then there were the illicit parties afterwards, with doughnuts and perilous ‘drifting’ in front of crowds, or races on public roads.

The two worlds are not entirely separate. It was through people I met at the friendlier meets that I first heard about the most extreme events. One regular helped me infiltrate the private Telegram groups of two street-racing crews, Reckless Meetz and London Street Racers.

My contact forwarded me videos from earlier London Street Racers gatherings that I could use as ‘proof’ I’d been to a meet before. Then, one Saturday evening, the pin dropped in the Telegram group – a postcode.

We were on the move. Somewhat recklessly, I accepted a lift from one of the organisers. He shot forward, speeding down a dual carriageway, weaving in and out of traffic and overtaking at frightening speed, as, from the back seat, I gripped the headrest in front of me. Behind us, a stream of modified cars, many, I guessed, travelling at twice the speed limit, followed to the retail park outside a B&Q in Basildon where, amid a gathering of hundreds, the Honda would come at me out of the smoke.

Later, a rumour began spreading that the police were on their way. People were sprinting back towards their vehicles, engines fired up and the car park emptied almost as quickly as it had filled.

We didn’t have long to wait before another pin dropped in the Telegram group, and it became a game of cat and mouse. That night the meet surfaced in four places – Southend, Basildon, Newham and another venue my cameraman and I never made it to – with convoys of cars tearing between them.

Each new location seemed to draw in more people. At one, a man in a pig costume stood in the crowd waving a flare; nearby, someone in a Hannibal Lecter mask hung out of the back of a car boot. It felt like a rave crossed with a travelling circus.

And each time a driver inched closer to the crowd, tyres screaming, the car appearing out of control, spectators pressed forward rather than back, cheering and egging him on. One man I’ll call Joel was revelling in being at the heart of the chaos. He pulled up the leg of his shorts to show me the letters LSR – London Street Racers – inked across his thigh. Minutes earlier, I’d watched him jump on to the back of a car with smoking tyres before jumping off as it tore away. He told me he’d been run over ‘a few times’.

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‘A few years ago you wouldn’t see any videos online,’ he said. ‘Now people come here, they livestream. You’ll just see it plastered all over. I’ve always tried to find something new that someone hasn’t done before. There’s the TikTok dares, where people ask me to do stuff. I do it, I get recognised, then I think, “Right, what’s next?”’

By 4am, I’d had enough. One lad I talked to made a blunt admission: ‘It does encourage people to drive dangerously. I admit it spills on to the roads. On the way in and out of them, too.’ And the grim examples of what can happen when it does are clocking up.

In 2022, at an illegal street-racing event in Oldbury, in the West Midlands, Dhiya Al Maamoury lost control of a modified Nissan Skyline and crashed into people watching from the pavement, killing Liberty Charris, 16, and Ben Corfield, 19. He was jailed after admitting two counts of causing death by dangerous driving and two of causing serious injury.

The racing had been filmed and posted online, and Liberty’s mother later described the additional horror of discovering videos of the aftermath.

Indeed, on social media, dangerous driving reproduces itself endlessly. One speeding clip leads to another until my feeds are full of young men racing, crashing and deliberately ‘baiting’ the ‘pigs’ [police].

I also found a trend dubbed ‘back road bashing’ – drivers speeding along rural roads – with some videos attracting millions of views. I repeatedly came across street-drifting videos captioned ‘AI driver’ or ‘AI generated’, in a strange inversion presenting real footage as artificial to evade moderation by the platforms.

The police are increasingly treating the underground racing scene as a threat. Since January last year, Operation Hercules, a dedicated taskforce set up by West Midlands Police, has convicted 137 people of road offences, with dozens more cases going through the courts.

I was four months into this investigation when a separate tragedy pushed dangerous driving into the national spotlight.

At 3.39am on August 22, a Volkswagen Passat travelling the wrong way down the A66 in Middlesbrough carrying five young men collided head-on with a marked police vehicle. All five men in the Passat died, along with officers PC Matthew Blades and PC Tom Clough. Another police vehicle had abandoned a pursuit of the Passat about ten seconds earlier. Officers later said they were investigating links to serious and organised crime.

New figures this month showed that reports of wrong-way driving on England’s major roads rose by 25 per cent in the year to August and at least one of the young men killed on the A66 had previously posted reckless-driving footage.

I found dozens of similar TikTok videos through connected accounts, hashtags and comments – showing young men speeding, driving off-road and filming themselves while being pursued by police.

Unsurprisingly, young men are disproportionately represented in fatal crashes: male drivers aged 17 to 24 are around four times more likely to be killed or seriously injured than those aged 25 or over.

In one video from March last year, an Audi is filmed in Middlesbrough travelling at around 100mph before leaving the road and racing across paths and parkland behind houses, at one point passing frighteningly close to a child in school uniform.

In August this year, a spokesman for the Prime Minister described the online glorification of dangerous driving as ‘utterly disgraceful’. Days after the Middlesbrough tragedy, Parliament’s Culture, Media and Sport Committee demanded answers from TikTok, YouTube, Meta and Snapchat, while roads minister Justin Madders called it a ‘sickening’ trend.

In response, Meta and TikTok said they prohibit content promoting, advocating or encouraging participation in high-risk viral challenges and remove such content when they become aware of it. YouTube said extremely dangerous driving is prohibited on its platform. And Snapchat said reckless driving is explicitly prohibited under its community guidelines.

Six days before the A66 crash, five teenage boys died in County Kildare after their BMW – again travelling the wrong way, down the M9 – hit a car carrying three sisters and a seven-year-old boy on their way to Dublin Airport. Two of the sisters were critically injured; the third and the child were seriously hurt.

It is easy to reduce all of this to testosterone, thuggery and stupidity. In Middlesbrough, some see a more complicated picture. At a community cafe, I met Amanda, who works with young people. She was upset by how quickly people had judged the young men killed on the A66 – and, more broadly, boys like them.

‘I feel sad that we live in a society where we can quite easily jump to a culture of blame,’ she told me. Amanda talked about young people having to navigate what she called ‘broken systems’: patchy education, disappearing youth provision and communities where there may be few affordable ways to fill a day.

‘There’s nothing out there any more for them. Young people just miss out in finding an alternative high.’

While many would disagree with Amanda’s sympathetic interpretation, I wanted to hear from the young men themselves. One of them, Scott, admits: ‘I’m not gonna lie. I am a boy racer. Probably always will be as well.’

Driving fast gave him an ‘adrenaline rush’, he says, insisting: ‘I drive better fast than I do slow.’ Several of the lads agree that the pressure to go harder is greater when somebody starts filming. ‘As soon as the camera’s on, you want to push yourself to maybe a bit more than what you’re capable of when you drive,’ one tells me. ‘And that’s when the accidents happen.’

And yet the cost of their recklessness can be high in human terms – as the families left behind in Middlesbrough and Ireland know too well. The Devanney family, too, know exactly how high a price others pay. On October 21, 2023, Abbie Devanney turned 18. She and her younger sister Amy, then 15, spent hours together getting ready for her birthday celebrations in Newcastle upon Tyne. Unusually, Amy asked for a photograph of them together.

Hours later, Abbie was dead. A passenger in a car driven by Charlie Whittaker, 17, who’d had his licence for just six months, she died instantly when the car hit standing water, struck a tree and rolled. Whittaker had been driving at more than 70mph on an unlit road. Three other teenage passengers suffered life-changing injuries.

Afterwards, police recovered more than 20 videos showing Whittaker driving recklessly before the fatal crash, including speeding and dangerous overtaking.

‘I think it would be easier to process if this was kind of a one-off thing,’ Amy tells me as we sit on Abbie’s memorial bench in Consett, County Durham. ‘But knowing that this was a pattern of behaviour, it was inevitable this was going to happen, and it ended up happening to my sister.’

Whittaker admitted causing death and serious injury by dangerous driving, but Amy says he could serve only a fraction of his five years and four months sentence under Labour’s early-release scheme.

‘What kind of example is that setting?’ she says. ‘I can’t ever forgive him.’

Her fear is that the message will be lost on exactly the kind of young drivers I’ve met in the course of this investigation.

‘Those boys, they believe they’re invincible. There are days when I wake up and I go to speak to Abbie because our rooms are right next to each other…’ She reaches the door before remembering.

I ask Amy what her message would be to those watching online, wanting to test their limits and show off to their mates.

‘Just know how lucky you are that nothing’s happened yet. Stop pushing your luck because something like this will happen to you or someone you know. And it’ll be then that you realise you should have stopped.’

Hayden Panettiere’s former fiancé, Wladimir Klitschko, says he plans to use his own money to cover the late actress’s substantial tax bill and protect her estate from potential penalties.

Panettiere died at age 36 on August 16 at a residence in Greenville, South Carolina. Her death was accidental and resulted from the “toxic effects” of multiple drugs, including fentanyl.

Her only surviving relative is her 11-year-old daughter, Kaya, whom she welcomed during her nine-year relationship with the 50-year-old former boxer.

Last month, Klitschko filed a petition in Los Angeles seeking temporary guardianship of Kaya’s estate. The move was intended to safeguard her inheritance as the sole beneficiary of Panettiere’s reported $6 million estate.

In an October 1 filing obtained by The Daily Mail, Klitschko said he was “informed and believes” that Panettiere’s 2025 state and federal tax returns are due under an extension on October 15, 2026, with approximately $30,000 in taxes owed.

According to the documents, Klitschko is concerned that missing the filing deadline could expose Panettiere’s estate to “unnecessary interest and failure to file penalties,” creating a direct financial loss for Kaya, her sole intestate heir.

Klitschko stated that he “intends to advance his own funds to pay the tax which is due” and plans to seek reimbursement after the probate estate is opened, subject to any court approval that may be required.

The Daily Mail said it contacted representatives for Panettiere, Klitschko and his attorney for comment but had not received a response.

The tax filing follows Klitschko’s earlier claim that some of Panettiere’s personal belongings, including jewelry, had “disappeared.” In new documents filed October 5, the former boxer alleged that someone previously connected to the actress had sold items to a pawn shop.

The filing obtained by The Daily Mail states: “Petitioner is informed and believes that a non-family member previously connected to Hayden sold certain items belonging to Hayden, believed to include jewelry, to a pawn shop.

“The pawn shop has declined to disclose specific item information without being contacted by law enforcement.

“Absent such contact, there is a real and continuing risk that any remaining items, including jewelry, believed to belong to Hayden, will be sold, transferred or otherwise rendered unrecoverable.”

Klitschko has also asked that any guardianship appointment give him authority to “request and authorize law enforcement investigation into the recovery of Hayden’s property believed to have been misappropriated.”

The request was filed one week after Klitschko took an “urgent” legal step to protect Kaya’s inheritance, citing concerns that Panettiere’s property could be at risk.

When Kaya was three, Panettiere gave Klitschko full custody in 2018 as she struggled with postpartum depression and addiction. Klitschko subsequently moved their daughter to Ukraine, where he is from.

The filing obtained by The Daily Mail states: “Kaya is a US citizen, residing abroad with her father, Wladimir. Hayden, a US citizen and resident of California, died intestate on August 16, 2026.”

‘Although Kaya is not a resident of California, this court has jurisdiction over the guardianship of Kaya’s estate because, as such heir, Kaya is entitled to the entirety of the assets subject to Hayden’s probate administration in California.’

The documents state the purpose of the filing is to ensure Wladimir ‘may receive, manage and hold, on Kaya’s behalf, the assets to which Kaya is entitled from Hayden’s probate estate.’

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He noted there is no personal representative to safeguard the interests of Panettiere’s estate. 

The petition further claims that before Panettiere’s death, additional security measures were put in place at her home due to an unknown individual that had ‘gained unauthorized access to Hayden’s property.’

Locks were changed and, per the documents, ‘storage units containing designer clothing and accessories worn to public appearances have been relocated as a precaution.’

‘Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is expected that the individual will continue to try and misappropriate property belonging to Hayden’s Estate,’ the petition reads. 

The documents also state Klitschko ‘has been informed that certain items of personal property belonging to Hayden, including jewelry, have disappeared or remain unaccounted for.

‘Some items are currently in the custody of law enforcement in connection with the ongoing investigation. It is essential that an Administrator of Hayden’s Estate be appointed to marshal the missing assets and interface with law enforcement.’

Per the documents, Klitschko alleges federal agents accessed Panettiere’s home as part of an ongoing investigation and removed her property. 

‘It is urgent and essential that Wladimir be immediately appointed Temporary Guardian of Kaya’s Estate, to afford Wladimir the necessary standing to file Hayden’s Probate Petition, and the power to nominate a proposed Administrator of Hayden’s Estate,’ the documents read.

‘Without an immediate appointment for these purposes, there is a high probability that property belonging to Hayden’s Estate may be lost, damaged or dissipated before a duly appointed personal representative can be in place to protect it.’

The former couple met at a book launch in 2009. After two years of dating, they split up in 2011, before rekindling their relationship two years later. 

In October 2013, they were engaged, with the actress giving birth to their daughter Kaya in December 2014. However, it was confirmed in 2018 that the couple had split again but remained on amicable terms. 

Later that year, Panettiere announced she had made the ‘difficult decision’ to sign full custody of Kaya to her ex.

The widely discussed move came after Panettiere fell into a deep depression, which she said made her ‘feel nothing,’ and led to her ‘turning to wine’ and ultimately being sent to rehab for both depression and substance abuse. 

In her final interview in May, she spoke to Dear Mome about her choice, saying: ‘It wasn’t a decision I made lightly, nor was it a decision I even wanted to make. I was going through a really challenging time in my life.’ 

Panettiere began acting as a child, appearing in soap operas, then gained wider recognition for her role in the 2000 sports drama Remember the Titans with Denzel Washington, and as the voice of Dot in Pixar’s 1998 film A Bug’s Life. 

Panettiere later found fame playing cheerleader Claire Bennet in the superhero drama Heroes before starring as country singer Juliette Barnes for six seasons on Nashville.

She earned two Golden Globe nominations for best supporting actress on the show, while her singing produced 11 entries on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs charts.

Panettiere’s film credits include 2006’s Bring It On: All or Nothing, the comedy-drama film Raising Helen, and appearances in Scream 4 and Scream VI as Kirby Reed.