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New York Governor Says He Has ‘Lost Faith’ in Cornell Rape Probe

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New York Governor Kathy Hochul said she had “lost faith” in the local investigation into an alleged rape involving Cornell University students as she appointed a special prosecutor to take over the case.

The Democratic governor announced Thursday that she had signed an executive order naming Attorney General Letitia James to oversee the investigation. The case centers on a woman who says she was sexually assaulted by seven fraternity members.

“New information has raised serious questions about how this case was handled, and I’ve lost faith in the Tompkins County District Attorney’s ability to fairly oversee it,” Hochul said.

“The young woman at the center of this case deserves to know that every fact will be examined and justice pursued.”

Hochul’s decision followed the release of a transcript in which the alleged victim told Cornell police she was “100 percent” certain she had been raped.

According to the transcript obtained by CBS New York, the woman told a campus police investigator that she had been drinking and taking drugs on the night of the alleged attack, leaving her with gaps in her memory.

Even so, she said she could separate consensual sexual activity earlier in the evening from what she alleged happened later at Cornell’s Chi Phi fraternity house.

New York Governor Kathy Hochul said she has 'lost faith' in the local probe into the Cornell rape case

New York Governor Kathy Hochul said she had “lost faith” in the local investigation into the alleged Cornell rape case.

She appointed Attorney General Letitia James to serve as a special prosecutor

She appointed Attorney General Letitia James as the special prosecutor overseeing the case.

Asked whether she had been comfortable with the encounter at the beginning of the night, the woman—identified in court records only as Jane Doe—said: “Yeah, as much as I can be, because again, I was super drunk when I got there… But I was pretty OK with all of this.”

“And then, of course, I was being hit at the same time,” she added.

Jane Doe said she could not remember the final part of the evening, which she described as the point “where I was raped.” She also said she did not know precisely how many men had sex with her.

However, when asked to characterize what occurred, she told investigators: “I can say with 100 percent confidence I was raped.”

The transcript indicates that the campus police investigator questioned Doe while helping her prepare a written statement about the alleged assault.

As he asked what she had said when the men sought sex, the investigator cautioned that some questions might sound accusatory. He said he needed precise answers to determine which charges could potentially be filed.

Doe said she knocked one man’s hand away and told him she was uncomfortable. She also recalled telling another man “no” several times, or saying she was too tired to have intercourse.

“Was it ‘no’ or was it ‘eh, I’m tired?’” the investigator asked.

“I think it’s ‘I’m tired,’” the alleged victim responded.

The accuser, only identified in court documents as Jane Doe, spoke with campus police on November 14. Students are pictured walking past Cornell Police headquarters on Wednesday

The accuser, identified in court documents as Jane Doe, spoke with campus police on November 14. Students are shown walking past Cornell Police headquarters on Wednesday.

Doe alleged that the attack occurred late on October 19, 2024, at the Chi Phi fraternity house, pictured above. The fraternity remains suspended from Cornell’s campus.

Later on in the interview, the police officer asked Jane Doe whether she became tired of answering the men’s questions and ultimately gave in to them.

‘Yes. It was coercion, yes,’ she replied, according to the transcript, adding that she was ‘completely and totally incapacitated.’

The transcript also shows that the investigator documented her account, read it back to the accuser and asked her to clarify or correct it, according to CBS News.

Then, on the second day of the interview, Jane Doe reviewed the revised six-page statement.

When she then went to sign it, the transcript shows, the alleged victim said: ‘I’m very confident about this.’ 

Tompkins County District Attorney Matthew Van Houten has said his decision not to bring charges against the seven alleged perpetrators was based on the contents of that signed 2024 statement. 

But he told CBS News on Tuesday he had never before seen the transcript showing what Jane Doe told campus police. 

The District Attorney said he will now seek a copy of the transcript and follow up with Cornell police.

‘Nobody knows this information about the transcript and that gives me something to really dig into because that changes the landscape for me,’ he said.

Cornell officials, meanwhile, said its police department provided the results of the school’s investigation to the District Attorney’s Office as prosecutors reconsider whether to bring charges against the alleged rapists.

University officials have also said it agreed to undertake an independent investigation into its handling of the matter.

Tompkins County District Attorney Matthew Van Houten has said his decision not to bring charges against the seven alleged perpetrators was based on the contents of Jane Doe's signed 2024 statement

Tompkins County District Attorney Matthew Van Houten has said his decision not to bring charges against the seven alleged perpetrators was based on the contents of Jane Doe’s signed 2024 statement

The case gained renewed attention after Jane Doe filed a civil suit on September 16.

It alleges that Doe, then 20, arrived at the fraternity house on October 19, 2024, already heavily intoxicated following a night of drinking in Ithaca.

She alleges she was pressured to take ketamine and given marijuana and high-proof alcohol before being repeatedly sexually assaulted as additional fraternity members entered the room.

The complaint alleges seven men eventually participated and that Doe became ‘completely incapacitated.’ She says the ordeal continued until around 5.45am, when she lost consciousness.

It also claims that during the assault, one fraternity member posted to a ‘Chi Phi Actives’ Snapchat group that there was ‘free p***y’ upstairs, referring to Doe. 

‘Like you can walk in and whip it out,’ another member allegedly responded, according to a screenshot described in the filing. 

Doe reported the allegations to Cornell University Police on November 8 after friends encouraged her to come forward, according to the lawsuit.

Cornell temporarily suspended the fraternity and seven students that day.

One of the men allegedly posted to the fraternity's active-members Snapchat group saying that there was 'free p***y' upstairs, referring to Doe, according to the filing, which included an image of the purported chat

One of the men allegedly posted to the fraternity’s active-members Snapchat group saying that there was ‘free p***y’ upstairs, referring to Doe, according to the filing, which included an image of the purported chat

The defendants have not all publicly responded to the allegations, but at least two have denied wrongdoing.

Jeremy Saland, an attorney for defendant Scott Kretzschmar, said the alleged incident ‘did not happen.’

‘At bottom, Scott never sexually assaulted or even touched the plaintiff in any way. Period,’ Saland said.

‘We look forward to confronting the plaintiff in a court of law for her selfishly false claims with both the evidence and her own words.’

Defendant Scott Norris separately denied participating in sexual activity or drug use, while acknowledging sending one message cited in the complaint.

‘I did not participate in any sexual activity or drug use,’ Norris said. ‘I thoughtlessly engaged in Snapchat and briefly stopped in the room where misconduct happened but not when it happened.’

For Doe, her attorney says the consequences have stretched far beyond the night at the center of the lawsuit.

He has claimed his client continues to suffer from anxiety, depression and sleepless nights and stopped attending Cornell following the alleged attack.

‘She is basically stalled, and her life is devoted to dealing with the trauma,’ Giuffra previously told the Daily Mail. ‘It’s like a constant, constant reminder.’

‘You could give her all the money in the world; nobody wants to have this as their story. Nobody wants to have this in their lives.’

Lawsuit: Mother Thought Son Was Dead for 3 Days After Hospital Error

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Southern Hills Hospital and Medical Center in Las Vegas, Nevada. (Google Maps)

A Nevada mother spent three days believing her son had died after Southern Hills Hospital and Medical Center allegedly identified him in an email as a “deceased patient.” According to a lawsuit, the man was alive at the time and remains alive.

“During this three-day period, Ms. Garbowski generally was unable to get out of bed, was paralyzed by grief, and was unable to function in her day-to-day life,” alleges a complaint filed by Marlene Garbowski and obtained by Law&Crime. The lawsuit also says she took a prescription anti-anxiety medication she had never needed before to cope with the distress caused by the hospital’s alleged error.

Garbowski is suing Southern Hills Hospital and Medical Center in Las Vegas and several employees. She accuses them of negligence and negligent infliction of emotional distress, alleging that staff incorrectly labeled her son, Geoffrey, as a “deceased patient.”

Geoffrey had received treatment at Southern Hills in January 2024, the complaint says.

Several months later, Garbowski contacted the hospital to request her son’s medical records for his application for Supplemental Security Income benefits. On Nov. 5, 2024, hospital staff allegedly replied by email that the records could not be released because Geoffrey was listed as “deceased.”

“This statement was false,” the complaint states. “Geoffrey was, and remains, alive.”

The lawsuit says a hospital complaint manager contacted Garbowski weeks later, acknowledged the mistake and apologized. The manager allegedly described the incident as a “learning tool” for the hospital. Garbowski’s attorneys argue that Southern Hills was responsible for providing her with accurate information.

According to the complaint, the hospital had “a duty to exercise reasonable care in the accuracy of information” it shared with Garbowski. The filing also cites Nevada law requiring hospitals to keep accurate medical records and maintain sufficient qualified staff to ensure patient information is “accurately and promptly communicated.”

Garbowski’s lawyers say the manager’s apology acknowledged the hospital’s error. They further contend that the consequences extended well beyond a simple records mistake.

“As a proximate result of Southern Hills’ negligent conduct described herein, Ms. Garbowski has suffered, and continues to suffer, severe emotional distress with accompanying physical manifestations,” the complaint states. Those alleged effects include being unable to get out of bed for about three days, needing prescription anti-anxiety medication and experiencing continuing psychological harm.

The lawsuit seeks damages for the alleged negligence and emotional distress. Southern Hills did not respond to requests for comment from Law&Crime or the Las Vegas Review-Journal.

The post Mother spent three days believing her son was dead after Las Vegas hospital allegedly called him a “deceased patient” in an email first appeared on Law & Crime.

Trump Says Europe Will Release a ‘Massive Amount’ of Diesel as Prices Fall From Peak

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WASHINGTON — Europe will release a “massive amount” of diesel from its emergency reserves, President Trump said Friday after urging U.S. allies to draw on their stockpiles.

“Europe has just agreed to release a massive amount of their heavily stocked Diesel,” Trump wrote on Truth Social. “The process will begin immediately. Thank you for your attention to this matter!”

Officials did not immediately say how much fuel Europe plans to release or when it will reach the market. Trump’s announcement came after an emergency G7 meeting on the global energy situation chaired by French President Emmanuel Macron.

The Elysee Palace said Trump and Macron spoke Thursday night about “the need to work together to address rising fuel prices and ensure the global availability of refined petroleum products.”

The announcement came as gasoline prices continued to retreat from highs reached in early September. The national average for a gallon of regular gasoline was $4.40 Friday morning, down more than 9 cents from the previous week, according to AAA.

Diesel averaged $6.37 per gallon, a decline of 15 cents from the record price reached Sept. 22.

Voters have identified the rising cost of living—including fuel prices—as their leading concern ahead of the Nov. 3 election.

Reuters reported Friday that Trump could sign an executive order as soon as next week intended to bring down diesel prices. It was not immediately clear whether the measure would include an export ban, an option analysts have speculated about in recent weeks.

Hero FlyDubai Pilot Recalls Plane Plunge After Copilot Attack

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Capt. Smit Machchhar, the FlyDubai pilot who forced open the cockpit door after being stabbed by his copilot during a midair attack, told Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi that he was fighting to stay alive when he made the split-second decision.

“You are my biggest idol, and I feel incredibly proud that you called and encouraged me. At that moment, I was fighting for my life,” Machchhar told Modi during a phone conversation on Friday.

Machchhar said he had fallen to the cockpit floor and realized the aircraft was rapidly losing altitude. Drawing on 17 years of experience as a pilot and 11 years as a captain, he understood what was unfolding even while seriously injured.

“As I lay there, I could feel the aircraft plunging. While I was being beaten, I told myself, ‘This is the last push, Smit. Do it. The door is right there,’” he recalled. “Somehow, I managed to open it. Everyone rushed in, and each person played an equally important role in the rescue. I was trying to save myself, but I also knew I could not allow anyone else to die.”

A side by side image of Capt. Smit Machchhar, the FlyDubai pilot who was stabbed in mid air on Sept. 30, 2026, and India Prime Minister Narenda Modi during an Oct. 2, 2026 phone call between the pair.

A side by side image of Capt. Smit Machchhar, the FlyDubai pilot who was stabbed in mid air on Sept. 30, 2026, and India Prime Minister Narendra Modi during an Oct. 2, 2026 phone call between the pair. (Narendra Modi YouTube Channel via AP)

Opening the cockpit door gave Israeli passengers the opportunity to enter, restrain the copilot and help regain control of the FlyDubai aircraft. The plane had dropped more than 14,000 feet in roughly 30 seconds.

Machchhar’s actions have drawn widespread praise, including from Modi, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and passengers aboard the flight. Reflecting on the ordeal, the pilot said his faith helped him endure the pain and fear.

“Whenever I am in pain, I know one thing: I chant the Hanuman Chalisa. I believe God saved me,” Machchhar said.

Modi told the injured pilot that people across India had been praying for his recovery.

“Yesterday, prayers and chants were offered in temples and holy places across the country for your long life. We are all praying for your health, and you will recover very soon. India is eagerly waiting to welcome you,” Modi said.

Indian Prime Minister Narenda Modi speaks to FlyDubai pilot Capt. Smit Machchhar during an Oct. 2, 2026 phone call

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi speaks to FlyDubai pilot Capt. Smit Machchhar during an Oct. 2, 2026 phone call (Narendra Modi YouTube Channel via AP)

“People are chanting mantras for you. Your courage, patience and presence of mind allowed you to make a decision in a fraction of a second and save so many lives,” Modi said. “Today, the entire country can say with pride that we Indians are not killers; we are life savers. Even after suffering so many injuries, while fighting for your own life, you continued to think about the passengers. You have brought honor to 1.4 billion Indians, and that is why I feel proud from the heart.”

Machchhar suffered a stab wound to the head, while his arm was “basically split in two” during the attack, Netanyahu said in a Thursday interview with Fox News. Despite the severity of his injuries, the pilot said he remains optimistic about making a full recovery.

“I am not viewing these injuries as ordinary wounds because that could affect my recovery,” Machchhar told Modi. “I see them as part of a journey that will move forward gradually and take time. I am very confident that I will recover and become completely healthy again.”

Captain Smit Machchhar

Captain Smit Machchhar, the Indian pilot who allegedly was attacked on a FlyDubai plane heading to Israel on Wednesday, Sept. 30, 2026. (Israel Foreign Ministry)

The aircraft was safely brought down in Saudi Arabia by a second flight crew traveling on board. After being stabilized there, Machchhar was transported to a hospital in the United Arab Emirates, where he continues to recover.

“I am fine, and everything is all right,” Machchhar assured Modi.

Princess Diana’s Brother Charles Spencer Echoes Harry and Meghan’s Concerns

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Dylan Alcott’s surprising new girlfriend from Melbourne’s east

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Transgender NYT Executive Gave Child Book About Mourning Mom

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A slain New York Times executive gave his daughter a children’s book about grieving the death of a mother—even though her mother was still alive, according to allegations in a court filing.

Candice Jang said she was frightened by the birthday present Jonathan McKinsey allegedly selected for their daughter.

The book, The Memory String, tells the story of a young girl mourning her mother’s death, SFGATE reported.

“Jonathan has previously threatened to kill me and my parents,” Jang wrote. “… I cannot know what Jonathan intended by selecting that particular book.”

Given those alleged threats, Jang said the choice of book was “deeply disturbing and frightening.”

McKinsey, who was assigned female at birth and later transitioned to become a transgender man, was embroiled in a bitter divorce when his in-laws allegedly shot him in a California parking lot last weekend.

McKinsey had served as head of engineering for games player experience at The New York Times since 2023. He and Jang presented sharply conflicting accounts of their relationship.

The couple accused each other of domestic violence in filings before Alameda County Superior Court during the divorce proceedings. Jang received a temporary restraining order in October 2025.

McKinsey sought his own restraining order in December 2025, one week before Jang’s temporary order was due to expire.

Jonathan McKinsey, 40, a transgender New York Times games executive who was allegedly killed by his elderly in-laws, had previously angered them by letting his son wear girls dresses, court documents revealed

Jonathan McKinsey, 40, a transgender New York Times games executive who was allegedly killed by his elderly in-laws, had reportedly angered them by allowing his son to wear dresses belonging to his sister, according to court documents

McKinsey's wife, Candice Jang, said: 'I cannot know what Jonathan intended by selecting that particular book.' The Memory String is about a girl mourning her mother's death

McKinsey’s wife, Candice Jang, wrote: “I cannot know what Jonathan intended by selecting that particular book.” The Memory String follows a girl mourning her mother’s death

Shili Chen

Shouyong Zhang

Shouyong Zhang and Shili Chen, both 77, are accused of fatally shooting their son-in-law at Dublin Sports Grounds in Dublin, California, on Saturday

In his December restraining-order application, McKinsey accused Jang of physically and emotionally abusing him on a weekly basis.

He alleged that Jang struck him on the head with a frying pan in 2013 and continued hitting him until he agreed to eat a cockroach, SFGATE reported.

The filing also alleged that Jang submerged a cat in a bucket, though McKinsey said he was able to revive the animal.

McKinsey further accused Jang of mistreating their children.

He also claimed that his mother-in-law, Shili Chen, became angry after seeing his son Wyatt ask to wear dresses belonging to his sister, Alexis.

According to the filing, McKinsey told Chen that his son was going through a “phase.” He alleged that she responded by berating both him and the child.

McKinsey alleged that Chen called the boy a “disgusting queer” and a “pervert,” then directed the same slurs at McKinsey while criticizing him for being transgender, the filing stated.

The wife of slain New York Times executive Jonathan McKinsey, who is the daughter of his accused killers, was seen walking with her three young children in the Bay Area

When approached by the Daily Mail on a sidewalk Wednesday, Jang refused to comment on her estranged husband’s murder

McKinsey alleged in his restraining order filing that when he begged Chen to stop berating his son, his mother-in-law then turned her anger toward him.

‘She blamed me for Wyatt wanting to wear his sister’s dresses and told me to get out of “her house” even though we were in the home owned by Candice and I,’ McKinsey wrote in the filing.

He added that he attempted to make his wife hire outside help to prevent Chen from ever watching their children again, but he claimed Jang refused.

McKinsey also filed allegations of abuse from Jang in their relationship, including claiming that she tried to push him into suicide, according to his court filings.

According to McKinsey, his wife told him he should take his own life because ‘no one would want to be with someone as f***ed up and transgender like me.’

Jang went on to file her own restraining order against McKinsey last year, alleging he had ‘threatened to kill me and my parents.’

McKinsey had previously faced two counts of misdemeanor child abuse, following a police report in 2023 accusing him of slapping their six-year-old son in the face and leaving a ‘large bruise in the shape of a handprint’ on his face.

Jang also claimed McKinsey had previously been violent with her in 2018 when he grabbed her wrist hard enough to leave bruises.

McKinsey, who had worked in games tech for the New York Times since 2023, was in the midst of a divorce from his wife when he was killed last weekend

McKinsey, who had worked in games tech for the New York Times since 2023, was in the midst of a divorce from his wife when he was killed last weekend

Witnesses said the elderly couple walked calmly away from the scene of the shooting, and they were arrested after being tracked to a black sedan (above) at a nearby intersection

Witnesses said the elderly couple walked calmly away from the scene of the shooting, and they were arrested after being tracked to a black sedan (above) at a nearby intersection 

Zhang was taken into custody. He and his wife allegedly took turns gunning down their son-in-law in a brazen, broad daylight attack last Saturday, police say

Zhang was taken into custody. He and his wife allegedly took turns gunning down their son-in-law in a brazen, broad daylight attack last Saturday, police say

In that incident, deputies said they arrived at McKinsey’s home to find a two-year-old left unattended in an upstairs bedroom while McKinsey had left to go shopping.

McKinsey was charged with cruelty to a child by endangering health and corporal injury to a child, both misdemeanors, and was freed on a $50,000 bail.

The bail was conditional on him completing 12 parenting classes. McKinsey pleaded not guilty in both incidents.

Jang’s restraining order and domestic violence protection order against McKinsey was granted last year, leading McKinsey to respond by requesting a domestic violence protection order against her and filing for divorce.

He had since sought more time with the three children, noting that he had been limited to two hours of supervised visits per week since last fall, Alameda County court documents show.

McKinsey made the allegations that Chen had directed anti-LGBTQ+ slurs at him and at one of their children in his petition for a protection order.

The New York Times tech executive further accused Jang of being abusive during medical procedures related to his transition, claiming that at one point she tried to pull medical tubes from his body shortly after he underwent a procedure, according to the Mercury News.

He also alleged that Jang’s father, Shouyong Zhang, 77, punched him in the chest while he was recovering from a double mastectomy.

McKinsey had previously faced two counts of misdemeanor child abuse, but had claimed in court filings that his wife - who he was divorcing - had been abusive to him

McKinsey had previously faced two counts of misdemeanor child abuse, but had claimed in court filings that his wife – who he was divorcing – had been abusive to him 

At the time of his killing, he was out on bail and had been trying to enter a mental health diversion program, which would have resulted in the charges being dropped upon completion, according to Mercury News.

In subsequent court documents, an attorney for Jang wrote that McKinsey ‘is simply prone to domestic violence and child abuse,’ noting that the incidents she cited in her previous complaint were ‘far from the first time’ he ‘committed physical violence against me or my family members’.

‘Due to his violent and negligent history, our children are simply not safe when left unsupervised and in his care,’ Jang wrote in a court filing last month.

The killing occurred a week before a hearing was scheduled in McKinsey and Jang’s divorce case.

It remains unclear whether Zhang and Chen may have been motivated to allegedly kill McKinsey over the claims of abuse or disagreements over his gender identity.

‘Part of our investigation is looking for motives from all angles as well as looking at the histories and relationships of everyone involved and associated with the victim and suspects,’ Captain Michael Campos, of Dublin Police Services, told the Post.

After McKinsey was shot dead on Saturday, a neighbor told the San Francisco Chronicle that McKinsey had recently moved out of the home he shared with his wife and three children.

Zhang and Chen’s arraignment has been scheduled for Wednesday. The couple are facing a slew of charges, including murder, felony conspiracy, child endangerment and dangerously firing a gun.

New Bodycam Footage Shows Officers Realizing They Had Arrested Luigi Mangione

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Newly released body-camera footage captures the tense moment police realized they had found Luigi Mangione, ending a five-day manhunt.

“It’s f–king him, dude,” one male officer is heard telling colleagues as a female officer removed a magazine of ammunition from Mangione’s backpack, CNN reported.

Mangione was arrested in Altoona, Pennsylvania, on Dec. 9, 2024—five days after UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson was fatally shot in Manhattan.

This frame from police body camera footage shows the arrest of Luigi Mangione inside a McDonald’s in Altoona, Pennsylvania, on Dec. 9, 2024. Mangione was arrested days after the fatal shooting of United Healthcare CEO Brian Thompson. Manhattan District Attorney’s Office / CNN

Police body camera footage shows the arrest of Luigi Mangione inside a McDonald's.

A cop realizes they caught Mangione. Manhattan District Attorney’s Office / CNN

Some sections of the extensive police video were shown during a court hearing last year. The footage was made public only after a Manhattan judge ruled that it could be released.

Mangione, 28, recently pleaded guilty to federal stalking charges related to Thompson’s death. He has also asked a judge to dismiss the state murder case, arguing that his guilty plea means he is protected by double-jeopardy laws.

Gypsy Rose Blanchard Shared Update on Ken Urker Romance Before Her Mother’s Death

Gypsy Rose Blanchard and Ken Urker shared a relationship shaped by both challenges and deep commitment.

 

Just over a year before the Life After Lockup star’s boyfriend died Oct. 1, Blanchard—who shares 21-month-old daughter Aurora Raina Urker with Urker—opened up about how they were working to build a lasting relationship after rekindling their romance in 2024.

 

“I really just hope we continue to have open communication,” Blanchard told People in a March 2025 interview. “I hope that we can get even more knowledge and let down our walls, because I’ve built walls over many years and I think everybody has a set of walls they put up.”

 

Blanchard, who divorced her former husband, Ryan Anderson, in 2024 after two years of marriage, said she wanted to create an even deeper connection with Urker. “I think it would be wonderful for us to bring those down and be the most vulnerable we’ve ever been with each other,” she said.

 

The 35-year-old described strengthening their bond as her “goal” and expressed hope that their relationship would endure for years to come. “I’ve always felt that way about him,” Blanchard said.

Brazil Election Puts Amazon Rainforest Protection at a Crossroads

SAO PAULO – Brazil’s October presidential election could determine the Amazon rainforest’s future. The winner will govern a country that contains roughly 60% of the world’s largest tropical forest—an ecosystem considered essential to the global climate.

As Brazil heads toward Sunday’s first-round vote, the leading candidates are Sen. Flávio Bolsonaro, the son of former far-right President Jair Bolsonaro, and President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who is pursuing a fourth, nonconsecutive term.

Amazon conservation has played only a limited role in this year’s campaign. Even so, the candidates offer sharply contrasting approaches to managing the rainforest. Climate and conservation specialists warn that a Flávio Bolsonaro victory could undo the deforestation-control measures Lula reinstated after returning to office in 2023.

During Jair Bolsonaro’s 2019-2022 presidency, Amazon deforestation climbed by about 60%, with more than 45,000 square kilometers (17,400 square miles) of forest cleared, according to official figures. Under Lula, deforestation has declined 45%, falling to its lowest level in more than 10 years.

Lula’s Amazon agenda could meet resistance in conservative Congress

Lula would face opposition from a conservative Congress in which the agribusiness sector wields considerable influence. His platform, however, largely builds on policies focused on cutting emissions and channeling financial support to tropical forests.

Flávio Bolsonaro has promised to eliminate illegal deforestation by 2029, one year earlier than Brazil’s existing target. Lula’s proposal is more ambitious: achieving zero net deforestation by 2030, which would require offsetting all forest loss—whether legal or illegal—with restoration.

Deforestation and other land-use changes are Brazil’s biggest sources of greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to global warming. The Amazon is particularly important because it stores enormous quantities of carbon dioxide and releases atmospheric moisture that influences weather patterns well beyond South America.

Sen. Bolsonaro has offered few specific details about his Amazon platform. He has said generally that his administration would intensify the fight against environmental crime while encouraging conservation.

“Flávio Bolsonaro is a defender of the environment and of those who preserve standing forests and clean rivers,” his campaign said in a statement to The Associated Press. The campaign added that his government would establish economic incentives to support conservation and forest restoration.

Sen. Bolsonaro says he does not believe climate change is real

In an August interview with Jornal Nacional, Brazil’s most-watched television news program, Bolsonaro said he did not believe in climate change, but instead believed in extreme weather events.

“Those are cyclical events,” Bolsonaro said. “The best way to address environmental issues is what we did during the (Jair) Bolsonaro administration: approve a basic sanitation framework to combat the sewage flowing past your front door.”

Márcio Astrini, executive director of the Climate Observatory, a coalition of environmental organizations, said deforestation could rise again if Bolsonaro followed his father’s example by dismantling enforcement systems and reducing environmental protections.

“The risk we face is that Brazil could move away from a positive environmental agenda toward a position more similar to the one now adopted by the United States—one of climate denial,” Astrini said.

Experts say the most consequential word in Bolsonaro’s pledge may be “illegal.” They warn that his administration could weaken environmental safeguards and broaden the areas where forest clearing is permitted, allowing deforestation to increase while still technically meeting the target.

“Given his long history of advocating weaker environmental protections, there is concern that activities now considered illegal could simply be legalized and no longer subject to enforcement,” said Taciana Stec, a climate policy specialist at Talanoa, a Brazilian think tank.

Amazon landowners are generally required to retain 80% of the native vegetation on their properties. In 2019, Bolsonaro co-sponsored a bill that would have eliminated the requirement, calling it a barrier to development.

The measure was abandoned after agribusiness leaders objected. They feared it would hurt the reputation of Brazilian soy and beef in international markets increasingly concerned about products linked to deforestation.

Sen. Bolsonaro pledges stronger enforcement, but questions remain

Bolsonaro’s campaign tapped Marcelo Donnini Freire, an environmental manager who held senior positions during the final months of Jair Bolsonaro’s administration, to help shape its environmental platform.

In September, Freire met with environmental organizations, including the Brazilian Coalition on Climate, Forests and Agriculture, which advocates for Brazilian leadership in the low-carbon economy.

A person who has been part of internal campaign discussions but is not authorized to speak publicly said a Bolsonaro administration would be unlikely to change current deforestation restrictions on private properties. Such a proposal would face opposition from export-oriented agribusiness and risk undermining investments in carbon projects and biofuels.

Pressure for increased clearing could persist, however, among smaller producers with little access to export markets or carbon-credit revenue.

Although Bolsonaro’s campaign told AP he would prioritize technology-driven enforcement against wildfires and environmental crimes, he has campaigned across the Amazon on promises to loosen environmental regulations.

One enforcement tool allows authorities to impose sanctions for illegal clearing based solely on satellite monitoring. Jair Bolsonaro halted the policy, and Lula restored it in 2023. A fast-tracked bill backed by Brazil’s agribusiness caucus would weaken it. Flávio Bolsonaro did not say whether he would preserve the measure.

Some Bolsonaro allies have been fined for environmental violations and campaigned against enforcement. News outlet Sumauma found that candidates across the Amazon had accumulated about $33 million in environmental fines, most of them from parties aligned with the Bolsonaros.

Far-right candidate pledges to open Indigenous lands for farming, mining

At a June rally in Belem, which hosted last year’s U.N. climate summit, Bolsonaro vowed to “modernize” environmental laws and ease licensing for farming, cattle ranching and mining. In August, he campaigned in the Estacao Parecis Indigenous Territory in Mato Grosso, pledging greater autonomy for Indigenous communities.

“They will decide what happens on their lands,” Bolsonaro told the Market Makers podcast. “If they want to farm or lease their territory, they will be free to do so. If they want to authorize mining on their lands, they will be able to do that as well.”

“All of this will be done responsibly and with environmental safeguards, while respecting their wishes,” he added.

Indigenous territories are among the Amazon’s best-preserved areas but face growing pressure from farmers and illegal gold mining. Bolsonaro did not say whether his administration would establish deforestation rules for Indigenous lands.

Flávio Bolsonaro pledges may resonate with some Amazon voters

In 2022, Jair Bolsonaro carried five of the nine states in Brazil’s Legal Amazon. Breno Rodrigues de Messias Leite, a political scientist at the Federal University of Amazonas, said Flávio Bolsonaro’s promises to loosen environmental protections may appeal to voters in the region who see the rules as overly restrictive and burdensome to businesses.

“Nobody here thinks, ‘There’s a forest over there, let me go cut it down,’” Leite said. “But one idea is deeply ingrained in the minds of the people who live here. First, they feel isolated. Second, when the state shows up, it comes with a heavy hand, with sanctions rather than with infrastructure.”

If Flávio Bolsonaro wins, Leite added, he could pursue policies that result in environmental damage. “He will have to respond to his electoral base, which is precisely rural producers. That sector wants further loosening of environmental regulations.”

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