HomeAUExperts Warn of Emerging Nuclear Arms Race: Global Tensions Reach Critical Levels

Experts Warn of Emerging Nuclear Arms Race: Global Tensions Reach Critical Levels

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Speaking at the National Press Club in Canberra, Marles said the Cold War era of strict nuclear arms control expired this year and the “global rules-based order” nations once operated under has been torn up.

Australia’s Defense Minister Richard Marles has sounded the alarm on the dissolution of Cold War-era nuclear arms control agreements, which were originally designed to prevent catastrophic nuclear confrontations. The expiration of the last treaty that capped the number of strategic nuclear warheads held by Russia and the United States—nations with the largest nuclear stockpiles—marks a significant turning point.

Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Defence Richard Marles during a joint press conference following the Defence Ministers meeting, at Parliament House in Canberra on Thursday 26 March 2026. fedpol Photo: Alex Ellinghausen
Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Richard Marles has hinted that the world could be on the “foothills” of a new nuclear arms race. (Alex Ellinghausen)

“We’re witnessing a resurgence in nuclear arsenals, with China leading in terms of growth,” Marles noted. “Without new arms control initiatives, we could very well be on the brink of a renewed nuclear arms race.”

Marles emphasized that this escalating nuclear threat isn’t just a distant concern but poses an immediate risk to Australia’s security and prosperity over the coming decade. He pointed out that this is a primary reason for Australia’s substantial investment in strengthening its long-term military capabilities.

“This struggle is not abstract. It will drive elevated risks to Australia’s security and prosperity over the coming decade.”

The defence minister said the looming nuclear threat is why Australia has invested heavily in its long-term military capability.

Marles described Australia’s $53 billion defence plan as one that strengthens “self-reliance” into the next decade.

He said military spending under Labor has increased by up to $30 billion over the forward estimates.

This is an extra $117 billion over the next 10 years, Marles added.

“To place this in context, the former Coalition government, which governed during a period when all the trends we are wrestling with today were just as present then, increased defence spending by just $10 billion over the decade,” he said.

Russian submarine
A Russian nuclear submarine is seen during drills in the Barents Sea in September 2025. (Russian Defence Ministry Press Service via AP)

Among the major defence investments made by the government recently has been the acquisition of nuclear submarines.

Marles said “major progress” had been made on the AUKUS agreement.

“The government has undertaken the most ambitious modernisation of Australia’s maritime capability since the Second World War,” he said.

But fortifying Australia’s military in the name of self-reliance “should not be confused with military self‑sufficiency”, Marles said, adding that Australia’s relationship with allies including the US remains important.

“Alliances, especially with the United States, will always be fundamental to Australia’s defence,” he said.

The U. Navy’s nuclear-powered aircraft carrier USS Nimitz departs a naval base in Busan, South Korea in 2023. (AP)

Australia will do ‘all within our power’ to bring peace

In his opening remarks, Marles insisted Australia was doing everything it could to bring lasting peace to the Middle East.

“The current ceasefire in the Middle East is an opportunity to move back from the brink,” he said.

“Open the Strait of Hormuz, restore the global fuel supply chain, and place events on a path to peace.

“For our part, Australia will do all within our power to help make this temporary ceasefire permanent.”

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